Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25989113›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2015

Investigation of second- and third-harmonic generation in few-layer gallium selenide by multiphoton microscopy.

Lasse Karvonen, Antti Säynätjoki, Soroush Mehravar, Raul D Rodriguez, Susanne Hartmann, Dietrich R T Zahn, Seppo Honkanen, Robert A Norwood, N Peyghambarian, Khanh Kieu and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Emergent 2D van der Waals materials photonic sources.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  2. Layered Anion-Mixed Oxycompounds: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Photoelectric Properties of GaSNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
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  12. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Lasse KarvonenAalto University, Department of Micro and Nanosciences, Tietotie 3, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
Antti SäynätjokiAalto University, Department of Micro and Nanosciences, Tietotie 3, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
Soroush MehravarUniversity of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Raul D RodriguezTechnische Universität Chemnitz, Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz 09107, Germany.
Susanne HartmannTechnische Universität Chemnitz, Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz 09107, Germany.
Dietrich R T ZahnTechnische Universität Chemnitz, Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz 09107, Germany.
Seppo HonkanenUniversity of Eastern Finland, Institute of Photonics, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Robert A NorwoodUniversity of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
N Peyghambarian1] Aalto University, Department of Micro and Nanosciences, Tietotie 3, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland [2] University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA [3] University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Photonics, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Khanh KieuUniversity of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Harri LipsanenAalto University, Department of Micro and Nanosciences, Tietotie 3, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
Juha RiikonenAalto University, Department of Micro and Nanosciences, Tietotie 3, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gallium selenide (GaSe) is a layered semiconductor and a well-known nonlinear optical crystal. The discovery of graphene has created a new vast research field focusing on two-dimensional materials. We report on the nonlinear optical properties of few-layer GaSe using multiphoton microscopy. Both second- and third-harmonic generation from few-layer GaSe flakes were observed. Unexpectedly, even the peak at the wavelength of 390 nm, corresponding to the fourth-harmonic generation or the sum frequency generation from third-harmonic generation and pump light, was detected during the spectral measurements in thin GaSe flakes.

Identifiers

PMID25989113
PMCPMC4437303

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.