Observational studyArthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)2015
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Positivity, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Women's Health Initiative.
Observational study in Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular associated biomarkers in adults with asymptomatic autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Subclinical diastolic dysfunction and its association with disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Atherosclerosis features in rheumatic diseases - focus on peripheral artery disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- [Identification of high-risk preoperative blood indicators and baseline characteristics for multiple postoperative complications in rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a multi-machine learning feature contribution analysis].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- The relationship between low-carbohydrate diet score, dietary macronutrient intake, and rheumatoid arthritis: results from NHANES 2011-2016.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic analysis reveals the key role of inflammatory and immune signaling in the anti-perimenopausal depression effects of Bushen Shugan Huayu decoction.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Autoimmune diseases and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Joint effect of rheumatoid arthritis and diet quality on cardiovascular and mortality outcomes: insights from the Women's Health Initiative.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- Risk for cardiovascular disease development in rheumatoid arthritis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Depressive symptoms and antidepressant use in relation to white blood cell count among postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Stroke risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients: exploring connections and implications for patient care.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular disease risk in early rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and disease activity.BMC rheumatology · 2023Article
- The Influence of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis on the Occurrence of Arterial Hypertension: An 8-Year Prospective Clinical Observational Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Development of Atherosclerosis: A Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis: the possible mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Associations between Cardiovascular Outcomes and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Skeletal and extraskeletal disorders of biomineralization.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality over the course of 10 years among the more than 160,000 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in relation to self-reported rheumatoid arthritis (RA), taking disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) positivity, rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, CVD risk factors, joint pain, and inflammation (white blood cell count and interleukin-6 levels).
methodsAnti-CCP and RF were measured in a sample of WHI participants with self-reported RA (n = 9,988). RA was classified as self-reported RA plus anti-CCP positivity and/or taking DMARDs. Anti-CCP-negative women with self-reported RA and not taking DMARDs were classified as having "unverified RA."
resultsAge-adjusted rates of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, CVD, fatal CVD, and total mortality were higher in women with RA than in women with no reported RA, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 1.46 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.17-1.83) for CHD and 2.55 (95% CI 1.86-3.51) for fatal CVD. Among women with RA, anti-CCP positivity and RF positivity were not significantly associated with higher risk of any outcomes, despite slightly higher risk of death for those who were anti-CCP positive than for those who were anti-CCP negative. Joint pain severity and CVD risk factors were strongly associated with CVD risk, even in women with no reported RA. CVD incidence was increased in women with RA versus women with no reported RA at almost all risk factor levels, except for low levels of joint pain or inflammation. Among women with RA, inflammation was more strongly associated with fatal CVD and total mortality than with CHD or CVD.
conclusionAmong postmenopausal women, RA was associated with 1.5-2.5-fold higher CVD risk. CVD risk was strongly associated with CVD risk factors, joint pain severity, and inflammation, but not with anti-CCP positivity or RF positivity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.