ReviewFrontiers in nutrition2014
Addressing Chronic Malnutrition through Multi-Sectoral, Sustainable Approaches: A Review of the Causes and Consequences.
Review in Frontiers in nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07225153 (Goat Milk-Derived Formula Alternatives vs. Undiluted Goat Milk in Babies Unable to Exclusively Breastfeed), which is not on this map. Cited by 96 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Goat Milk-Derived Formula Alternatives vs. Undiluted Goat Milk in Babies Unable to Exclusively Breastfeed: Analysis of Growth Metrics and Biological Markers
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Drivers of stunting reduction in Peru: a country case study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Association between household environmental conditions and nutritional status of women of childbearing age in Nigeria.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Implementation of multisectoral interventions to improve nutrition in Uganda: stakeholder perceptions and experiences.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Systems biology insights into the molecular drivers of childhood stunting and implications for intervention.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- To work or not to work? Child stunting and maternal labour force participation in South Africa.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Heavy on Plans, Light on Delivery: The Structural Failures of Ethiopia's Nutrition Policies.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Dried fish provide widespread access to critical nutrients across Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition Among Infants and Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review.Nutrition reviews · 2025Article
- Co-Occurrences of Forms of Child Undernutrition in India: Insights from the National Family Health Survey.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Food security and its impact on growth among Sri Lankan children under five during the economic crisis in 2022.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Intergenerational chronic undernutrition pattern and determinants in Ethiopia: a multilevel and spatial analysis of EDHS data (2000-2016).Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Lessons learned from operationalizing the integration of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in rural Ethiopia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Bridging the nutrition divide: understanding poverty-linked inequalities in under-five children health in Pakistan.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Multi-faceted nutritional interventions are imperative to reduction of stunting among children in low- and middle-income countries.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Article
- Effect of nutrition behavior change communication on nutrition knowledge and dietary practices of pregnant adolescents in West Arsi, Central Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic malnutrition, including stunting, is an important example of a global challenge that spans multiple sectors, specifically health, agriculture, and the environment. The objective of this paper is to review current knowledge on the causes and consequences of chronic malnutrition and their relationship with multiple sectors. Understanding the causes includes approaching chronic malnutrition from the basic, underlying, and immediate levels. The causes reach from macro-level environmental influences to specific micronutrient intake. In order to effectively address stunting, it is important to understand the timing of stunting and the ability of individuals to catch up in terms of linear growth, cognitive ability, and immune function. The consequences of chronic malnutrition are transgenerational and they have an impact at the individual, community, and national level in the short- and long-term. There are still many gaps in knowledge regarding both the causes and consequences of chronic malnutrition, particularly when it comes to the interaction with agriculture and the environment, and understanding these gaps is important to addressing the burden of chronic malnutrition through evidence-based interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.