Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25987864›Full record

ReviewDialogues in clinical neuroscience2015

The history of nosology and the rise of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Edward Shorter

Open access · diamondAbstract readHistorical ArticleReview
In one paragraph

Review in Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
26.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. How to improve psychiatric nosography in the XXI century: a phenomenologist"s viewpoint.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Film, observation and the mind.History of the human sciences · 2024
    Article
  8. Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Psychiatric diagnosis and treatment in the 21st century: paradigm shifts versus incremental integration.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2022
    Article
  13. Klerman's "credo" reconsidered: neo-Kraepelinianism, Spitzer's views, and what we can learn from the past.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2022
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. A New Paradigm to Indicate Antidepressant Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Edward ShorterHistory of Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
University of Toronto · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 arose from a tradition filled with haphazard science and politically driven choices. The nosology of modern psychiatry began with the German classifiers of the late 19th century, especially Emil Kraepelin. Psychoanalysis then blotted out the classificatory vision for the next half-century, and most of this European psychopathological science failed to cross the Atlantic. The DSM series was a homegrown American product, beginning with Medical 203 in 1945, then guided by psychoanalytic insights through DSM-I in 1952 and DSM-II in 1968. In 1980, DSM-III represented a massive "turning of the page" in nosology, and it had the effect of steering psychoanalysis toward the exit in psychiatry and the beginning of a reconciliation of psychiatry with the rest of medicine. With the advent of DSM-5, however, questions are starting to be asked about whether this massive venture is on the right track.

Indexed as

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersEuropeHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHumansMental DisordersPsychiatryUnited StatesDSM-IIIFeighner criteriaGerman nosological traditionhistory of DSMKraepelinMedical 203psychoanalysisResearch Diagnostic Criteria

Identifiers

PMID25987864
PMCPMC4421901
OpenAlexW2407171739

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.