SynthesisDigestive diseases and sciences2015
The Risks of Incident and Recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.BioMed research international · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Guideline
- Risk factors forJournal of global health · 2017Pooled it
- Molecular epidemiology ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Burden and Mortality Outcomes ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Targeting the Gut-Kidney Axis in Diarrhea with Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome: The Role of Sishen Pills in Regulating TMAO-Mediated Inflammatory Response.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- Review
- The Role of Probiotics in the Prevention ofNutrients · 2024Review
- A Systematic Literature Review on Risk Factors for and Timing of Clostridioides difficile Infection in the United States.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Review
- Derivation and internal validation of the multivariate toxigenicAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Review
- Article
- IL-16 and BCA-1 Serum Levels Are Associated with Disease Severity ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Suggestions for the prevention of Clostridioides difficile spread within outpatient hemodialysis facilities.Kidney international · 2021Article
- Review
- Real-World Experience with Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrence ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Incidence and Risk Factors of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients With Cirrhosis.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the risks of incident and recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis.
methodsA literature search was performed from inception to February 2015. Studies that reported relative risks, odds ratios, or hazard ratios comparing the risks of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in patients with CKD or ESRD versus those without CKD or ESRD were included. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method.
resultsTwenty studies (nine case-control, seven cohort, and four cross-sectional studies with 162,218,041 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled RRs of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in patients with CKD and ESRD were 1.95 (95% CI 1.81-2.10) and 2.63 (95% CI 2.04-3.38), respectively. When meta-analysis was limited only to cohort and case-control studies with confounder-adjusted analysis, the pooled RRs of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in patients with CKD and ESRD were 1.89 (95% CI 1.75-2.05) and 2.50 (95% CI 1.49-4.17), respectively. The pooled RR of recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea in patients with CKD was 2.61 (95% CI 1.53-4.44). Data on the risk of recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea were limited.
conclusionThis meta-analysis demonstrates significantly increased risks of incident and recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea in patients with CKD. Furthermore, the magnitude of increased risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea in ESRD patients is even higher.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.