Observational studyHigh blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension2015
Middle and Long-Term Impact of a Very Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Cardiometabolic Factors: A Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional, Clinical Study.
Observational study in High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05275608 (Effects of Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Microbiota, Adipose Tissue and Immunitary Regulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 51 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Microbiota, Adipose Tissue and Immunitary Regulation: Pilot Study on Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring Non-pharmacological Hypertension Management: DASH, Paleolithic, and Ketogenic Diet Comparisons: A Systematic Review.Current hypertension reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Prescription of Supplements in Pre- and Post-bariatric Surgery Patients: An Updated Comprehensive Practical Guideline.Obesity surgery · 2023Guideline
- Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in the management of metabolic diseases: systematic review and consensus statement from the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE).Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2019Pooled it
- Determinants of Adherence to a Ketogenic Diet in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Influence of exogenous ketosis on spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex gain and blood pressure responses to isometric handgrip in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a placebo-controlled pilot study.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- RESET-PKD: a pilot trial on short-term ketogenic interventions in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Trial
- Heart Rate Variability and Sympathetic Activity Is Modulated by Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Effects of an 8-week Baduanjin intervention combined with low-carbohydrates diet among overweight people who struggle with drug addiction.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet on health parameters in resistance-trained women.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Trial
- Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Does a low-carb, high-fat diet change muscle insulin receptor concentration and body composition in a swine biomedical model?Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Ketogenic diet, cardiometabolic diseases and aging.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2026Article
- Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Circadian Cortisol Secretion and Obesity-Related Metabolic Markers in Cushing's Disease: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Ketogenic Diet and Brain Health: Cerebrovascular Mechanisms, Neuroprotection, and Translational Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Implementation of Preoperative Very Low-Calorie Diets in Preparation for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Review
- Dietary Modulation of Metabolic Health: From Bioactive Compounds to Personalized Nutrition.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Chronic stress inhibits weight gain and decreases beta-hydroxybutyrate levels and glucose tolerance in female BALB/c fed a high-fat ketogenic diet.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Low-Carbohydrate (Ketogenic) Diet in Children with Obesity: Part 1-Diet Impact on Anthropometric Indicators and Indicators of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionObesity is a constantly growing illness in developed countries and it is strictly related to cardiovascular (CV) diseases, i.e. the main cause of mortality throughout industralised areas.
aimto test the ability of trained general physician to safely and effectively prescribe a very-low carbohydrate ketogenic (VLCK) diet in clinical practice, with a specific attention to the effect of this approach on overweight related CV risk factors (anthropometric measures) blood pressure, lipid levels, glucose metabolism).
methodsThe study has been carried out on a group of 377 patients scattered across Italy and monitored during 1 year. The proposed VLCK diet is a nutritional regimen characterized by low-fat and low- carbohydrates formulations and a protein content of 1.2/1.5 g/kg of ideal body weight, followed by a period of slow re-insertion and alimentary re-education.
resultsAll the predetermined goals-namely safety, reduction of body weight and CV risk factors levels-have been reached with a significant reduction of body weight (from baseline to 4 weeks (-7 ± 5 kg, p < 0.001), from 4 to 12 weeks (-5 ± 3 kg, p < 0.001), no changes from 12 weeks to 12 months; waistline (from baseline to 4 weeks (-7 ± 4 cm, p < 0.001), from 4 to 12 weeks (-5 ± 7 cm, p < 0.001), no changes from 12 weeks to 12 months; fatty mass (from baseline to 4 weeks (-3.8 ± 3.8 %, p < 0.001), from 4 to 12 weeks (-3.4 ± 3.5 %, p < 0.001), no changes from 12 weeks to 12 months; SBP from baseline to 3 months (-10.5 ± 6.4 mmHg, p < 0.001), no further changes after 1 year of observation).
conclusionthe tested VLCD diet suggested by trained general physicians in the setting of clinical practice seems to be able to significantly improve on the middle-term a number of anthropometric, haemodynamic and laboratory with an overall good tolerability.
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