ArticlePloS one2015
Time to First Morning Cigarette and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Smokers in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide association study across European and African American ancestries identifies a SNP in DNMT3B contributing to nicotine dependence.Molecular psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals common splice site acceptor variant in CHRNA4 associated with nicotine dependence.Translational psychiatry · 2015Pooled it
- Nicotine dependence as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in the National Lung Screening Trial.BMC public health · 2019Trial
- Association of smoking behavior and time to first cigarette with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A cohort analysis from the NHANES 2001-2018.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Time to first cigarette after waking and risk of incident chronic respiratory diseases in males: A prospective national cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Smoking-Related Increases in Alcohol Outcomes and Preliminary Evidence for the Protective Effect of a Functional Nicotine Receptor Gene (CHRNA5) Variant on Alcohol Consumption in Individuals Without Alcohol Use Disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Morning cannabis use in young adults: Associations with overall levels of use, negative consequences, and cannabis use disorder symptoms across 2.5 years.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- "Wake-and-bake" cannabis use: Predictors and cannabis-related outcomes of use shortly after waking.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Association of nicotine dependence and gut microbiota: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Association of the Time to First Cigarette and the Prevalence of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Chinese Elderly Population.Journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Origins of human disease: the chrono-epigenetic perspective.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2021Review
- Household Smoking Restrictions, Time to First Cigarette and Tobacco Dependence.Journal of smoking cessation · 2021Article
- Expanding the genetic architecture of nicotine dependence and its shared genetics with multiple traits.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of FTND and TTFC Phenotypes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Time to First Cigarette and Self-Reported Health Among US Adult Smokers.Tobacco use insights · 2019Article
- Earlier smoking after waking and the risk of asthma: a cross-sectional study using NHANES data.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2018Article
- Association of Time to First Morning Cigarette and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Measured by Spirometry in Current Smokers.Korean journal of family medicine · 2018Article
- CYP2A6 metabolism in the development of smoking behaviors in young adults.Addiction biology · 2018Article
- The outcome and the influencing factors of the age of onset in post-mortem of chronic bronchitis patients: a retrospective study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTime to first cigarette (TTFC) after waking is an indicator of nicotine dependence. The association between TTFC and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of death in the United States, has not yet been reported.
methodsWe investigated the cross-sectional association between TTFC and prevalent COPD among 6,108 current smokers in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. COPD was defined as a self-reported diagnosis of emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or both. Current smokers in PLCO reported TTFC, the amount of time they typically waited before smoking their first cigarette of the day after waking, in four categories: ≤ 5, 6-30, 31-60, or > 60 minutes. We used logistic regression models to investigate the association between TTFC and prevalent COPD with adjustments for age, gender, race, education, and smoking (cigarettes/day, years smoked during lifetime, pack-years, age at smoking initiation), and prior lung cancer diagnosis.
resultsCOPD was reported by 19% of these 6,108 smokers. Individuals with the shortest TTFC had the greatest risk of COPD; compared to those with the longest TTFC (> 60 minutes) the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for COPD were 1.48 (95% CI, 1.15-1.91), 1.64 (95% CI, 1.29-2.08), 2.18 (95% CI, 1.65-2.87) for those with TTFC 31-60 minutes, 6-30 minutes, and ≤ 5 minutes, respectively (P-trend < 0.0001). The association between TTFC and emphysema was similar to that for bronchitis, albeit the ORs were slightly stronger for chronic bronchitis; comparing TTFC ≤5 minutes to > 60 minutes, the adjusted OR (95% CI) was 2.29 (1.69-3.12) for emphysema and 2.99 (1.95-4.59) for chronic bronchitis.
conclusionsCurrent smokers with shorter TTFC have increased risk of COPD compared to those with longer TTFC, even after comprehensive adjustment for established smoking covariates. Future epidemiologic studies, including prospective designs, should incorporate TTFC to better assess disease risk and evaluate the potential utility of TTFC as a COPD screening tool for smokers in the clinical setting.
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