ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2015
Identifying women with dense breasts at high risk for interval cancer: a cohort study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 164 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 280 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of mammographic breast density on locoregional recurrence in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Pooled it
- Performance of artificial intelligence-assisted ultrasound elastography in classifying benign and malignant breast tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical imaging · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of prediction models for risk of breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Screening for breast cancer: a systematic review update to inform the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care guideline.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Mammography in combination with breast ultrasonography versus mammography for breast cancer screening in women at average risk.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Supplemental Screening as an Adjunct to Mammography for Breast Cancer Screening in People With Dense Breasts: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2023Pooled it
- Addition of ultrasound to mammography in the case of dense breast tissue: systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of cancer · 2018Pooled it
- Impact of population based breast density notification: multisite parallel arm randomised controlled trial in BreastScreen.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Trial
- Radiation exposure and screening yield by digital breast tomosynthesis compared to mammography: results of the TOSYMA Trial breast density related.European radiology · 2025Trial
- Psychosocial outcomes and health service use after notifying women participating in population breast screening when they have dense breasts: a BreastScreen Queensland randomised controlled trial.The Medical journal of Australia · 2023Trial
- Australian Women's Intentions and Psychological Outcomes Related to Breast Density Notification and Information: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Effect of a Randomized Trial of a Web-Based Intervention on Patient-Provider Communication About Breast Density.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021Trial
- Effect of Personalized Breast Cancer Risk Tool on Chemoprevention and Breast Imaging: ENGAGED-2 Trial.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2021Trial
- Randomized Trial of Personalized Breast Density and Breast Cancer Risk Notification.Journal of general internal medicine · 2019Trial
- A web-based personalized risk communication and decision-making tool for women with dense breasts: Design and methods of a randomized controlled trial within an integrated health care system.Contemporary clinical trials · 2017Trial
- Letter to the Editor: Breast cancer risk prediction with artificial intelligence-statistical improvement versus clinical impact.European radiology · 2026Article
- Abbreviated MRI Protocols in Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Historical Redlining and Spatiotemporal Patterns in Breast Cancer Screening.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Advanced Versus Invasive Breast Cancer Risk in a Screening Population: Implications for Risk-based Prevention and Screening Strategies.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- AI for screening in healthcare: promise and challenges.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Review
104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTwenty-one states have laws requiring that women be notified if they have dense breasts and that they be advised to discuss supplemental imaging with their provider.
objectiveTo better direct discussions of supplemental imaging by determining which combinations of breast cancer risk and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast density categories are associated with high interval cancer rates.
designProspective cohort.
settingBreast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) breast imaging facilities. PATIENTS: 365,426 women aged 40 to 74 years who had 831,455 digital screening mammography examinations. MEASUREMENTS: BI-RADS breast density, BCSC 5-year breast cancer risk, and interval cancer rate (invasive cancer ≤12 months after a normal mammography result) per 1000 mammography examinations. High interval cancer rate was defined as more than 1 case per 1000 examinations.
resultsHigh interval cancer rates were observed for women with 5-year risk of 1.67% or greater and extremely dense breasts or 5-year risk of 2.50% or greater and heterogeneously dense breasts (24% of all women with dense breasts). The interval rate of advanced-stage disease was highest (>0.4 case per 1000 examinations) among women with 5-year risk of 2.50% or greater and heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts (21% of all women with dense breasts). Five-year risk was low to average (0% to 1.66%) for 51.0% of women with heterogeneously dense breasts and 52.5% with extremely dense breasts, with interval cancer rates of 0.58 to 0.63 and 0.72 to 0.89 case per 1000 examinations, respectively. LIMITATION: The benefit of supplemental imaging was not assessed.
conclusionBreast density should not be the sole criterion for deciding whether supplemental imaging is justified because not all women with dense breasts have high interval cancer rates. BCSC 5-year risk combined with BI-RADS breast density can identify women at high risk for interval cancer to inform patient-provider discussions about alternative screening strategies. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Cancer Institute.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.