ArticleBiomarker insights2015
Polymorphism in variable number of tandem repeats of dopamine d4 gene is a genetic risk factor in attention deficit hyperactive egyptian children: pilot study.
Article in Biomarker insights, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder updates.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- DRD4 Gene Polymorphisms as a Risk Factor for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Iranian Population.International scholarly research notices · 2017Article
- Association between the dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitudes in female Han Chinese.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene among humans may elucidate individual differences in susceptibility to neuropsychiatric diseases. Dopamine dysfunction may be involved with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms. In this study, we report the association between the phenotype of ADHD, a condition characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, and a 48-base pair VNTR in exon 3 of the DRD4 polymorphism. SUBJECTS AND
methodsWe used a case control approach conducted on 29 ADHD and 31 ethnically matched control Egyptian children (ages 6-12 years). Cases were assessed by a psychiatric semi-structured interview and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale. VNTR polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene were done by touchdown PCR program using exon 3-specific primers followed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
resultsWe observed a significant association between the existence of D4.4 allele of DRD4 and ADHD (P, 0.002); 6.9% of cases showed a single D4.4 and 10.3% showed a double D4.4 as compared to controls in whom D4.4 has never been detected.
conclusionChildren with smaller number of repeat alleles (two to four repeats) of the DRD4 gene have higher possibility to develop ADHD in Egyptian children.
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