ReviewBrain : a journal of neurology2015
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and automatic behaviour to reach rewards.
Review in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neural Correlates of Explicit Outcome Expectation Effects: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis.Human brain mapping · 2026Pooled it
- Circuit-based neuromodulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and translational case study.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2026Pooled it
- "Wanting" versus "needing" related value: An fMRI meta-analysis.Brain and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- What can clinical disorders involving the basal ganglia tell us about the pathophysiology of obsessive and compulsive symptoms?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- δ2-Protocadherins organize parallel indirect basal ganglia circuits.Science advances · 2026Article
- Cognitive functions of the GPe.Trends in neurosciences · 2026Review
- Complementary δ2-protocadherin expression delineates parallel basal ganglia circuits in primates.iScience · 2026Article
- Brain-inspired strategies for efficient artificial intelligence.Molecules and cells · 2026Review
- The "Brain's Traffic Map" Reveals Neural Pathways Linked to Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Women.Brain and behavior · 2026Observational
- Spatial and Volumetric Characteristics of Glioblastoma: Associations With Clinical Presentation and Survival.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Dopaminergic modulation of the sense of agency influences moral behavior in Parkinson's disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Multiple groups of neurons in the superior colliculus convert value signals into saccadic vigor.iScience · 2026Article
- Principal axis of primate basal ganglia in processing cognitive flexibility and habitual stability.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Progressive Changes Between Thalamic Nuclei and Cortical Networks Across Stimulus-Response Learning.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
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- Localization and connections of the tail of caudate and caudal putamen in mouse brain.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2025Article
- Convergent representation of values from tactile and visual inputs for efficient goal-directed behavior in the primate putamen.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Implication of regional selectivity of dopamine deficits in impaired suppressing of involuntary movements in Parkinson's disease.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Subcortical volume in middle-aged adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Brain communications · 2024Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The basal ganglia control body movements, value processing and decision-making. Many studies have shown that the inputs and outputs of each basal ganglia structure are topographically organized, which suggests that the basal ganglia consist of separate circuits that serve distinct functions. A notable example is the circuits that originate from the rostral (head) and caudal (tail) regions of the caudate nucleus, both of which target the superior colliculus. These two caudate regions encode the reward values of visual objects differently: flexible (short-term) values by the caudate head and stable (long-term) values by the caudate tail. These value signals in the caudate guide the orienting of gaze differently: voluntary saccades by the caudate head circuit and automatic saccades by the caudate tail circuit. Moreover, separate groups of dopamine neurons innervate the caudate head and tail and may selectively guide the flexible and stable learning/memory in the caudate regions. Studies focusing on manual handling of objects also suggest that rostrocaudally separated circuits in the basal ganglia control the action differently. These results suggest that the basal ganglia contain parallel circuits for two steps of goal-directed behaviour: finding valuable objects and manipulating the valuable objects. These parallel circuits may underlie voluntary behaviour and automatic skills, enabling animals (including humans) to adapt to both volatile and stable environments. This understanding of the functions and mechanisms of the basal ganglia parallel circuits may inform the differential diagnosis and treatment of basal ganglia disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.