ArticleBiological psychiatry2016
Chronic Cigarette Smoking in Healthy Middle-Aged Individuals Is Associated With Decreased Regional Brain N-acetylaspartate and Glutamate Levels.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of brain metabolite differences in HIV infection.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Pooled it
- Diazepam modulates anterior cingulate glutamate levels in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Short-term nicotine deprivation alters dorsal anterior cingulate glutamate concentration and concomitant cingulate-cortical functional connectivity.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- The effect of N-acetylcysteine on brain glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations and on smoking cessation: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2017Trial
- Reduced Whole-Brain Network Segregation and Dorsal Anterior-Cingulate Cortex Neurochemical Alterations in Chronic Smokers.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Rhoifolin as a potential anxiolytic drug for the effects of nicotine withdrawal: beneficial effects on behavior, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Cigarette smoking is associated with levels of the serotonin transporter in the brain: a [11C]DASB PET Study.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Correlation of N-acetylaspartyl glutamate level in the medial prefrontal cortex with FTND and daily smoking amounts in adult cigarette smokers.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Imaging neuroinflammation in individuals with substance use disorders.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Application of glutamate weighted CEST in brain imaging of nicotine dependent participants in vivo at 7T.PloS one · 2024Article
- Changes in aspartate metabolism in the medial-prefrontal cortex of nicotine addicts based on J-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Prefrontal cortex and putamen grey matter alterations in cannabis and tobacco users.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Relationship between depression, prefrontal creatine and grey matter volume.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- The relationship between synaptic density marker SV2A, glutamate and N-acetyl aspartate levels in healthy volunteers and schizophrenia: a multimodal PET and magnetic resonance spectroscopy brain imaging study.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Brain glutamate concentration in men with early psychosis: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy case-control study at 7 T.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- GABA concentrations in the anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices: Associations with chronic cigarette smoking, neurocognition, and decision making.Addiction biology · 2021Article
- Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in Mild Cognitive Impairment.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Impacts of Cigarette Smoking Status on Metabolomic and Gut Microbiota Profile in Male Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Multi-Omics Study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- Independent and Combined Effects of Nicotine or Chronic Tobacco Smoking and HIV on the Brain: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2020Review
- Cigarette smoking history is associated with poorer recovery in multiple neurocognitive domains following treatment for an alcohol use disorder.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCigarette smoking is associated with metabolite abnormalities in anterior brain regions, but it is unclear if these abnormalities are apparent in other regions. Additionally, relationships between regional brain metabolite levels and measures of decision making, risk taking, and impulsivity in smokers and nonsmokers have not been investigated.
methodsIn young to middle-aged (predominately male) nonsmokers (n = 30) and smokers (n = 35), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds, creatine-containing compounds (Cr), myo-inositol (mI), and glutamate (Glu) levels in the anterior cingulate cortex and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were compared via 4-tesla proton single volume magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Groups also were compared on NAA, choline-containing compounds, Cr, and mI concentrations in the gray matter and white matter of the four cerebral lobes and subcortical nuclei/regions with 1.5-tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Associations of regional metabolite levels with neurocognitive, decision-making, risk-taking, and self-reported impulsivity measures were examined.
resultsSmokers showed lower DLPFC NAA, Cr, mI and Glu concentrations and lower lenticular nuclei NAA level; smokers also demonstrated greater age-related decreases of DLPFC NAA and anterior cingulate cortex and DLPFC Glu levels. Smokers exhibited poorer decision making and greater impulsivity. Across the sample, higher NAA and Glu in the DLPFC and NAA concentrations in multiple lobar gray matter and white matter regions and subcortical nuclei were associated with better neurocognition and lower impulsivity.
conclusionsThis study provides additional novel evidence that chronic smoking in young and middle-aged individuals is associated with significant age-related neurobiological abnormalities in anterior frontal regions implicated in the development and maintenance of addictive disorders.
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