ArticlePloS one2015
Relationship between Exposure to Household Humidifier Disinfectants and Risk of Lung Injury: A Family-Based Study.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health Effects Associated With Humidifier Disinfectant Use: A Systematic Review for Exploration.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Pooled it
- CRISPR-engineered human lung organoids with a biomolecular condensate reporter enable mechanistic toxicity monitoring.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Benzisothiazolinone: Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Mass Balance Studies in Rats.Metabolites · 2023Article
- A multiplex inhalation platform to modelFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Characteristics of the Molecular Weight of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) Used as a Household Humidifier Disinfectant.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Characteristics of Exposure to Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) among Humidifier Disinfectant-Associated Lung Injury (HDLI) Patients in South Korea.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Toxic Effects of Dodecylguanidine Hydrochloride.Toxics · 2020Article
- Properties of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) Associated with Fatal Lung Injury in Korea.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Family-based case-control study of exposure to household humidifier disinfectants and risk of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.PloS one · 2019Article
- Two Cases of Chloromethylisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone-associated Toxic Lung Injury.Journal of Korean medical science · 2018Article
- Effects of a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone on peripheral airway dysfunction in children.PloS one · 2017Article
- Evaluation report on the causal association between humidifier disinfectants and lung injury.Epidemiology and health · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn South Korea, a cluster of acute lung disease patients included lung injury disease suspected of being caused by the use of humidifier disinfectants. We examined the relationship between humidifier disinfectant exposure and clinically diagnosed humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI) in a family-based study.
methodsThis case-control study included 169 clinically confirmed HDLI cases and 303 family controls who lived with the HDLI patients. A range of information on exposure to humidifier disinfectants was obtained using a structured questionnaire and field investigations. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models that were adjusted for age, sex, presence of a factory within 1 km of residence, and the number of household chemical products used.
resultsHDLI risk increased approximately two-fold or more among the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile in terms of the hours sleeping in a room with an operating humidifier treated with disinfectant (adjusted OR = 2.0, 95 % CI = 1.1-3.7), average hours of disinfectant-treated humidifier use per day (adjusted OR = 2.1, 95 % CI = 1.0-4.5), airborne disinfectant intensity (adjusted OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2-5.3), and cumulative disinfectant inhalation level (adjusted OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.0-4.1). HDLI risk increased as the distance of the bed from humidifier gets shorter; compared with longer distance (> 1 m), the odds ratio was 2.7 for 0.5 to 1 m (95 % CI = 1.5-5.1) and 13.2 for <0.5 m (95 % CI = 2.4-73.0).
conclusionsThe use of household humidifier disinfectants was associated with HDLI risk in a dose-response manner.
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