ReviewJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2015
Substance Use and HIV Among Female Sex Workers and Female Prisoners: Risk Environments and Implications for Prevention, Treatment, and Policies.
Review in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 100 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of cervical cancer and high-grade lesions in vulnerable women a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- The HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis continuum of care among women who inject drugs: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Reducing HIV Risk Behaviors Among Black Women Living With and Without HIV/AIDS in the U.S.: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence and genotype distribution of genital human papillomavirus infection in female sex workers in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Mental health problems among female sex workers in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Leveraging the U.S. Criminal Justice System to Access Women for HIV Interventions.AIDS and behavior · 2017Pooled it
- HIV care and treatment experiences among female sex workers living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.African journal of AIDS research : AJAR · 2016Pooled it
- Socio-ecological Barriers to Viral Suppression Among Transgender Women Living with HIV in San Francisco and Los Angeles, California.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- A cluster-randomized controlled trial of a combination HIV risk reduction and microfinance intervention for female sex workers who use drugs in Kazakhstan.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- HIV-Risk Behavior Among Adults with Opioid Use Disorder During 12 Months Following Pre-trial Detention: Results from a Randomized Trial of Methadone Treatment.AIDS and behavior · 2021Trial
- Efficacy of a Computerized Intervention on HIV and Intimate Partner Violence Among Substance-Using Women in Community Corrections: A Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of public health · 2016Trial
- Mental health and substance use among women frequenting high-risk venues in Haiphong, Vietnam: findings from an adapted PLACE survey.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Article
- Using a Syringe Service Program-Based Community Advisory Board to Expand HIV Testing, Overdose Prevention, and PrEP Linkage in a Southern Black Neighborhood.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Optimizing participation in digital health studies: understanding appointment attendance.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Article
- Take-home naloxone (THN) ownership among a community-based cohort of sex workers who use drugs in metro vancouver: longitudinal trends and structural determinants (2017-2024).Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- How survivors of exploitation who use drugs navigate systems of care: an analysis of survivor insights using the intersectional risk environment.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Syringe service program utilization, behavioral, and experiential factors associated with greater naloxone protection in a longitudinal cohort of people who use illicit opioids in New York city.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Effects of a Sequential Community-Based Multi Component HIV Intervention on Sexual Behavior, Drug Use and Syringe Sharing for People Who Inject Drugs on the US-Mexico Border: A Quasi-Experimental Study.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of overdose from unintentional fentanyl use when intending to use stimulants: a qualitative study of people who use stimulants and avoid opioids.Research square · 2026Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedMoazan, Babak [corrected to Moazen, Babak]
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Female sex workers (FSWs) and female prisoners experience elevated HIV prevalence relative to the general population because of unprotected sex and unsafe drug use practices, but the antecedents of these behaviors are often structural in nature. We review the literature on HIV risk environments for FSWs and female prisoners, highlighting similarities and differences in the physical, social, economic, and policy/legal environments that need to be understood to optimize HIV prevention, treatment, and policy responses. Sex work venues, mobility, gender norms, stigma, debt, and the laws and policies governing sex work are important influences in the HIV risk environment among FSWs, affecting their exposure to violence and ability to practice safer sex and safer drug use behaviors. Female prisoners are much more likely to have a drug problem than do male prisoners and have higher HIV prevalence, yet are much less likely to have access to HIV prevention and treatment and access to drug treatment in prison. Women who trade sex or are imprisoned and engage in substance use should not be considered in separate silos because sex workers have high rates of incarceration and many female prisoners have a history of sex work. Repeated cycles of arrest, incarceration, and release can be socially and economically destabilizing for women, exacerbating their HIV risk. This dynamic interplay requires a multisectoral approach to HIV prevention and treatment that appreciates and respects that not all women are willing, able, or want to stop sex work or drug use. Women who engage in sex work, use drugs, or are imprisoned come from all communities and deserve sustained access to HIV prevention and treatment for substance use and HIV, helping them and their families to lead healthy and satisfying lives.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.