ReviewJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2015
Global Epidemiology of HIV Among Women and Girls Who Use or Inject Drugs: Current Knowledge and Limitations of Existing Data.
Review in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- The PrEP Care Continuum Among Cisgender Women Who Sell Sex and/or Use Drugs Globally: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- A Global Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus Among People Who Inject Drugs-Do Gender-Based Differences Vary by Country-Level Indicators?The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Women's Decision-Making about PrEP for HIV Prevention in Drug Treatment Contexts.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareTrial
- Pre-implementation findings on the barriers and potential solutions to initiate same-day antiretroviral therapy among people who inject drugs in Malaysia.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Latent Healthcare Stigma Profiles and Their Association With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Treatment and Care Outcomes Among Women With HIV in the United States: An Intersectional Analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Community-Embedded Low-Barrier Care: A Model for Engaging People With Complex Needs in HIV Treatment and Prevention.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Patterns of self-reported alcohol and drug use among children and youth: Mozambique violence against children survey (VACS) 2019.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Experiences of women who inject Nyaope residing in the City of Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2025Article
- Intervention Approaches to Address Intimate Partner Violence and HIV: a Scoping Review of Recent Research.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Article
- From trauma to transmission: exploring the intersection of adversity, substance use, and HIV risk in women's life histories.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- HIV risk perception, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness, and PrEP initiation intention among women who use drugs.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Daily opioid and stimulant co-use and nonfatal overdoses in the context of social disadvantage: Findings on marginalized populations.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- The relationship of PrEP beliefs to perceived personal, interpersonal and structural benefits and barriers to PrEP use in women who inject drugs.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Gender Differences in HIV, HCV risk and Prevention Needs Among People who Inject drug in Vietnam.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Changes in and Predictors of HIV among People Who Inject Drugs in Mizoram, Northeast India, from 2007 to 2021.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- HIV and its associated factors among people who inject drugs in Mizoram, Northeast India.PloS one · 2023Article
- Measuring and Addressing Stigma Within HIV Interventions for People Who Use Drugs: a Scoping Review of Recent Research.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Article
- Social and structural determinants of health associated with police violence victimization: A latent class analysis of female sex workers who use drugs in Kazakhstan.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- Intertwined epidemics: progress, gaps, and opportunities to address intimate partner violence and HIV among key populations of women.The lancet. HIV · 2022Review
- Factors associated with smoking and transitioning to nyaope injection amongst women in the City of Tshwane Municipality: A self-report by women.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen and girls who use and inject drugs are a critical population at risk of HIV. In this article, we review data on the epidemiology of drug use and injection among women globally and HIV prevalence among women and girls who use and inject drugs.
resultsWomen and girls comprise one-third of people who use and inject drugs globally. There is substantial variation in HIV prevalence in this population, between and within countries. There is a pronounced lack of data examining HIV risk among particularly vulnerable subpopulations of women who use and inject drugs, including women who have sex with women, transgender women, racial and ethnic minority women, and young women. Women who use and inject drugs experience stigma and discrimination that affect access to services, and high levels of sexual risk exposures.
conclusionsThere are significant gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of drug use and injecting among women and girls and HIV risk and prevalence in this population. Women are frequently underrepresented in studies of drug use and HIV risk and prevalence among people who inject drugs, limiting our understanding of possible sex differences in this population. Most research originates from developed countries and may not be generalizable to other settings. A great deal of work is needed to improve understanding of HIV among particularly vulnerable subpopulations, such as transgender women who use drugs. Better data are critical to efforts to advocate for the needs of women and girls who use and inject drugs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.