ArticlePloS one2015
Lower Breast Cancer Risk among Women following the World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research Lifestyle Recommendations: EpiGEICAM Case-Control Study.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lifestyle Quality Indices and Female Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Botanical Adjuvants in Oncology: A Review on Natural Compounds in Synergy with Conventional Therapies as Next-Generation Enhancers of Breast Cancer Treatment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Association between processed and ultra-processed food intake and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Modulation of Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Macrophage Polarization by Mistletoe Lectin in 2D and 3D Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of adherence to WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations with health-related quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Health-EpiGEICAM study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Article
- Modifiable risk factors for cancer among people with lynch syndrome: an international, cross-sectional survey.Hereditary cancer in clinical practice · 2024Article
- Outcomes of physical exercises on initiation, progression, and treatment of breast cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Article
- Current status and challenges of breast cancer prevention~DNA methylation would lead to groundbreaking progress in breast cancer prevention~.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2023Review
- Racial, Lifestyle, and Healthcare Contributors to Perceived Cancer Risk among Physically Active Adolescent and Young Adult Women Aged 18-39 Years.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The Benefits of Exercise in Breast Cancer.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2022Article
- Adherence to cancer prevention recommendations and risk of breast cancer in situ in the United Kingdom Biobank.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Polish Adaptation of the Modified Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia for Fatigue (TSK-F) and the Revision of the Tampa Scale in Terms of Pain for Cancer Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- The role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer.Cancer cell international · 2022Review
- PARP Inhibition and Beyond in BRCA-Associated Breast Cancer in Women: A State-Of-The-Art Summary of Preclinical Research on Risk Reduction and Clinical Benefits.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 17 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccording to the "World Cancer Research Fund" and the "American Institute of Cancer Research" (WCRF/AICR) one in four cancer cases could be prevented through a healthy diet, weight control and physical activity.
objectiveTo explore the association between the WCRF/AICR recommendations and risk of breast cancer.
methodsDuring the period 2006 to 2011 we recruited 973 incident cases of breast cancer and 973 controls from 17 Spanish Regions. We constructed a score based on 9 of the WCRF/AICR recommendations for cancer prevention:: 1)Maintain adequate body weight; 2)Be physically active; 3)Limit the intake of high density foods; 4)Eat mostly plant foods; 5)Limit the intake of animal foods; 6)Limit alcohol intake; 7)Limit salt and salt preserved food intake; 8)Meet nutritional needs through diet; S1)Breastfeed infants exclusively up to 6 months. We explored its association with BC by menopausal status and by intrinsic tumor subtypes (ER+/PR+ & HER2-; HER2+; ER&PR-&HER2-) using conditional and multinomial logistic models respectively.
resultsOur results point to a linear association between the degree of noncompliance and breast cancer risk. Taking women who met 6 or more recommendations as reference, those meeting less than 3 showed a three-fold excess risk (OR=2.98(CI95%:1.59-5.59)), especially for postmenopausal women (OR=3.60(CI95%:1.24;10.47)) and ER+/PR+&HER2- (OR=3.60(CI95%:1.84;7.05)) and HER2+ (OR=4.23(CI95%:1.66;10.78)) tumors. Noncompliance of recommendations regarding the consumption of foods and drinks that promote weight gain in premenopausal women (OR=2.24(CI95%:1.18;4.28); p for interaction=0.014) and triple negative tumors (OR=2.93(CI95%:1.12-7.63)); the intake of plant foods in postmenopausal women (OR=2.35(CI95%:1.24;4.44)) and triple negative tumors (OR=3.48(CI95%:1.46-8.31)); and the alcohol consumption in ER+/PR+&HER2- tumors (OR=1.52 (CI95%:1.06-2.19)) showed the strongest associations.
conclusionBreast cancer prevention might be possible by following the "World Cancer Research Fund" and the "American Institute of Cancer Research" recommendations, even in settings like Spain, where a high percentage of women already comply with many of them.
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