ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2015
Immune modulation by bacterial outer membrane vesicles.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 579 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
579 citing papers in PubMed.
- The putative role of the microbiota in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders following early childhood malnutrition.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Outer membrane vesicles fromVirulence · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Friends or Foes?Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Beyond probiotics and pathobionts: mechanistic roles of enterococcus-derived bioactive components in health and disease.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Bioinspired nanoparticles deliver DNase I to attenuate ulcerative colitis by degrading NETs and modulating PTGS2-mediated ER stress.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Differential Signature of Gut Microbiota in Female Patients with Condyloma Acuminatum and Its Association with Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Delivering the Gut to the Brain: Drug Delivery Strategies for Microbiota-Derived Therapeutics in Depression.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Targeting Outer Membrane Vesicles ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Role of Exosomes During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Double-Edged Sword.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle-Based Versatile In Situ Nanovaccine Enhancer Synergized With Radiofrequency Ablation Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Lipopolysaccharide insertion and vesicle mediated turnover drive growth independent outer membrane adaptation in Escherichia coli.Nature communications · 2026Article
- [Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- An Outer Membrane Vesicle-Based Vaccine Combined with alb-Flt3L Promotes Durable Antitumor Immunity in HPV-Associated Cancer.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles at the Crossroads of Immune Regulation and Biofilm Dynamics: Biogenesis, Comparative Analysis, and Translational Challenges.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Effect of gut bacterial extracellular vesicles on angiogenic potential and vascular integrity: positive and negative aspects.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Article
- Beyond the Stomach: Exploring the Role ofExpert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The dual role of gastric microbiota dysbiosis in gastric cancer progression and therapy.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles as multifunctional defense systems: Roles in immune evasion, phage interactions, and antimicrobial resistance.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- New insights into outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria from biogenesis to applications.Communications biology · 2026Review
519 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria shed extracellular outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during their normal growth both in vitro and in vivo. OMVs are spherical, bilayered membrane nanostructures that contain many components found within the parent bacterium. Until recently, OMVs were dismissed as a by-product of bacterial growth; however, findings within the past decade have revealed that both pathogenic and commensal bacteria can use OMVs to manipulate the host immune response. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms through which OMVs induce host pathology or immune tolerance, and we discuss the development of OMVs as innovative nanotechnologies.
Indexed as
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25976515What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.