ReviewJournal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH2015
Factor XI and contact activation as targets for antithrombotic therapy.
Review in Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain development in newborns and infants after ECMO.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability of Milvexian in Healthy Chinese Adults.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of milvexian with aspirin and/or clopidogrel in healthy participants.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Factor XI Inhibition for the Prevention of Catheter-Associated Thrombosis in Patients With Cancer Undergoing Central Line Placement: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024Trial
- First randomized evaluation of safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of BAY 1831865, an antibody targeting coagulation factor XI and factor XIa, in healthy men.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2022Trial
- The Discovery of a Novel Anticoagulant Mechanism: Factor XI Activation Inhibitors.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Catheter-related deep vein thrombosis: Where are we at and where are we going? Updates and ongoing unmet clinical needs.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- The Role of Rotational Thromboelastometry in Early Detection of the Hemostatic Derangements in Neonates with Systemic Candida Infection.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Novel horizons in anticoagulation: the emerging role of factor XI inhibitors across different settings.Haematologica · 2024Review
- Review
- Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of New Hybrid Derivatives of 5,6-Dihydro-4Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Anticoagulation in the ICU: a future for contact pathway inhibition?Intensive care medicine · 2023Article
- Factors XI and XII in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: longitudinal profile in children.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Article
- Abelacimab in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: The Right Drug at the Right Time for the Right Purpose. A Comprehensive Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Persistently High Levels of Coagulation Factor XI as a Risk Factor for Venous Thrombosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- New pharmacological agents and novel cardiovascular pharmacotherapy strategies in 2022.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2023Article
- A novel mouse whole blood thrombin generation assay sensitive to FXI- and FIX-mediated amplification of coagulation.Blood advances · 2023Article
- Antithrombotic Effects of the Novel Small-Molecule Factor XIa Inhibitor Milvexian in a Rabbit Arteriovenous Shunt Model of Venous Thrombosis.TH open : companion journal to thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Article
- Fluorescent Activity-Based Probe To Image and Inhibit Factor XIa Activity in Human Plasma.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Combined oral contraceptives may activate the contact system in healthy women.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The most commonly used anticoagulants produce therapeutic antithrombotic effects either by inhibiting thrombin or factor Xa (FXa) or by lowering the plasma levels of the precursors of these key enzymes, prothrombin and FX. These drugs do not distinguish between thrombin generation contributing to thrombosis from thrombin generation required for hemostasis. Thus, anticoagulants increase bleeding risk, and many patients who would benefit from therapy go untreated because of comorbidities that place them at unacceptable risk for hemorrhage. Studies in animals demonstrate that components of the plasma contact activation system contribute to experimentally induced thrombosis, despite playing little or no role in hemostasis. Attention has focused on FXII, the zymogen of a protease (FXIIa) that initiates contact activation when blood is exposed to foreign surfaces, and FXI, the zymogen of the protease FXIa, which links contact activation to the thrombin generation mechanism. In the case of FXI, epidemiologic data indicate this protein contributes to stroke and venous thromboembolism, and perhaps myocardial infarction, in humans. A phase 2 trial showing that reduction of FXI may be more effective than low molecular weight heparin at preventing venous thrombosis during knee replacement surgery provides proof of concept for the premise that an antithrombotic effect can be uncoupled from an anticoagulant effect in humans by targeting components of contact activation. Here, we review data on the role of FXI and FXII in thrombosis and results of preclinical and human trials for therapies targeting these proteins.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.