Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25975847›Full record

ReviewJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI2015

Basic MR relaxation mechanisms and contrast agent design.

Luis M De León-Rodríguez, André F Martins, Marco C Pinho, Neil M Rofsky, A Dean Sherry

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. Carbon Dots Meet MRI: Metal Doping for a Smart Contrast Agent Design.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
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  12. Monitoring Pharmacological Treatment of Breast Cancer with MRI.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025
    Review
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13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Luis M De León-RodríguezUniversity of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
André F MartinsDepartment of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.
Marco C PinhoDepartment of Radiology and the Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Neil M RofskyDepartment of Radiology and the Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
A Dean SherryDepartment of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.

Funding

YTTRIUM HYPERPOLARIZATIONP41RR002584 · NCRR · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI MASON, RALPH P. · 1985 to 2011
$14.3M
TR&D 3: Imaging Carbohydrate MetabolismP41EB015908 · NIBIB · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI MALLOY, CRAIG R · 2012 to 2021
$10.9M
PARACEST Agents: Optimization for Human MR ImagingR01EB004582 · NIBIB · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI LENKINSKI, ROBERT E · 2006 to 2014
$7.5M
PARACEST AGENTS FOR MOLECULAR IMAGING OF CANCER BY MRIR01CA115531 · NCI · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI SHERRY, DEAN · 2005 to 2021
$4.2M
Imaging Beta Cell Function in Vivo with Zinc Responsive MRI Contrast AgentsR01DK095416 · NIDDK · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI SHERRY, DEAN · 2012 to 2021
$3.3M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA115531NCRR NIH HHS P41 RR002584NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015908NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB004582NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK095416
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have undergone continuous and substantial evolution by virtue of hardware and software innovations and the development and implementation of exogenous contrast media. Thirty years since the first MRI contrast agent was approved for clinical use, a reliance on MR contrast media persists, largely to improve image quality with higher contrast resolution and to provide additional functional characterization of normal and abnormal tissues. Further development of MR contrast media is an important component in the quest for continued augmentation of diagnostic capabilities. In this review we detail the many important considerations when pursuing the design and use of MR contrast media. We offer a perspective on the importance of chemical stability, particularly kinetic stability, and how this influences one's thinking about the safety of metal-ligand-based contrast agents. We discuss the mechanisms involved in MR relaxation in the context of probe design strategies. A brief description of currently available contrast agents is accompanied by an in-depth discussion that highlights promising MRI contrast agents in the development of future clinical and research applications. Our intention is to give a diverse audience an improved understanding of the factors involved in developing new types of safe and highly efficient MR contrast agents and, at the same time, provide an appreciation of the insights into physiology and disease that newer types of responsive agents can provide.

Indexed as

AnimalsBrainBrain NeoplasmsCollagenContrast MediaDiffusionDrug DesignFibrinGadoliniumGliomaHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedKineticsLigandsMagnetic Resonance ImagingMiceCollagenContrast MediaFibrinGadoliniumLigandsPentetic AcidWaterCEST agentsclinical MRI contrast agentsgadolinium MRI contrast agentsin vivo MRIresponsive contrast agentssmart contrast agentsT1 and T2 contrast agentstargeted contrast agentsthermodynamic and kinetic principles

Identifiers

PMID25975847
PMCPMC4537356

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.