ArticleFluids and barriers of the CNS2015
The chemokine CXCL13 is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurosyphilis.
Article in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment in neurology - Lyme neuroborreliosis.German medical science : GMS e-journal · 2025Guideline
- Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment in neurology - Lyme neuroborreliosis.German medical science : GMS e-journal · 2020Guideline
- [Neuroborreliosis - Diagnostics, treatment and course].Der Nervenarzt · 2017Pooled it
- German guideline on neurosyphilis.Neurological research and practice · 2026Review
- Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) levels for viral and autoimmune encephalitis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid combined with machine learning improve the diagnostic accuracy and predict the progression of neurosyphilis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Study on the Inflammatory Response of the Brain in Neurosyphilis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Latent class analysis and machine learning for clinical subtyping prediction and differentiation in suspected neurosyphilis patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Integrated multi-biomarker panel of CXCL13, HS-CRP, and WBC counts predicts outcomes in stroke neurosyphilis patients treated with HBO and TUS-NMES.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- CXCL13 in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Clinical Value in a Large Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Lyme borreliosis diagnosis: state of the art of improvements and innovations.BMC microbiology · 2023Review
- Secondary immunoreaction in patients with neurosyphilis and its relevance to clinical outcomes.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Review
- CXCL13, CXCL10 and CXCL8 as Indicators of Ocular and Neurological Involvement in Patients With Ocular Syphilis: An Observational Descriptive Study.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Analysis ofInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- The CXCL13/CXCR5-chemokine axis in neuroinflammation: evidence of CXCR5+CD4 T cell recruitment to CSF.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2021Article
- The Usefulness of Two CXCL13 Assays on Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis: a Retrospective Study in a Routine Clinical Setting.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2021Article
- Comparative Analysis of the Euroimmun CXCL13 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and the ReaScan Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Diagnosis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2020Article
- The predictive value of CXCL13 in suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis: a retrospective cross-sectional study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe chemokine CXCL13 has been discussed as a diagnostic parameter with high specificity for Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) and as a marker of disease activity. Neurosyphilis and LNB share similar characteristics. We investigated retrospectively CXCL13 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neurosyphilis at initial diagnosis and during treatment.
resultsFive patients with neurosyphilis were identified retrospectively using an electronic database in a tertiary care hospital from 2005 to 2012. CXCL13 levels were measured using an ELISA. Five patients with definite LNB and 10 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) served as controls. Median CXCL13 levels at baseline were 972 pg/mL for neurosyphilis patients, 8,000 pg/mL for LNB patients, and 7.8 pg/mL for MS patients. Patients with LNB and neurosyphilis showed significantly higher CXCL13 levels in their CSF compared to MS patients (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). CXCL13 levels in the CSF declined during treatment.
conclusionCXCL13 levels in the CSF of patients with neurosyphilis can be as high as in patients with LNB, exceeding the proposed threshold of 250 pg/mL for the diagnosis of LNB. Patients with encephalitic/myelitic syndromes appear to have especially high levels of CXCL13. Clinicians should be aware that high levels of CXCL13 are not found exclusively in LNB but also in other infectious diseases of the CNS.
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