ReviewAnnual review of nutrition2015
Use of Urine Biomarkers to Assess Sodium Intake: Challenges and Opportunities.
Review in Annual review of nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Assessments of risk of bias in systematic reviews of observational nutritional epidemiologic studies are often not appropriate or comprehensive: a methodological study.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of 24-h urinary output of children and adolescents: impact on the assessment of iodine status using urinary biomarkers.European journal of nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Twenty-Four-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Pooled it
- Twenty-Four-Hour Diet recall and Diet records compared with 24-hour urinary excretion to predict an individual's sodium consumption: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Pooled it
- Percentage of ingested sodium excreted in 24-hour urine collections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Pooled it
- Assessment of dietary sodium intake using a food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion: a systematic literature review.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2017Pooled it
- The Science of Salt: A Systematic Review of Quality Clinical Salt Outcome Studies June 2014 to May 2015.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2016Pooled it
- Accuracy and Usefulness of Select Methods for Assessing Complete Collection of 24-Hour Urine: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2016Pooled it
- Effectiveness of a Sodium-Reduction Smartphone App and Reduced-Sodium Salt to Lower Sodium Intake in Adults With Hypertension: Findings From the Salt Alternatives Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2023Trial
- Urinary sodium excretion and dietary sources of sodium intake in community-dwelling Chinese adults aged 50 years and over.Public health nutrition · 2021Trial
- Predictors for misreporting sodium and potassium intakes by overweight and obese participants in a food-based clinical trial: implications for practice.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Trial
- Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Trial
- Urinary Excretion of Sodium, Nitrogen, and Sugar Amounts Are Valid Biomarkers of Dietary Sodium, Protein, and High Sugar Intake in Nonobese Adolescents.The Journal of nutrition · 2017Trial
- Feasibility of collecting 24-h urine to monitor sodium intake in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Trial
- Self-report of 24-h urine completeness compared withThe British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Salt intake moderates the association between BMI and cardiometabolic risk: evidence from an occupational cohort in Beijing.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Validation of the Brasil-Nutri software for 24-hour dietary recall using recovery biomarkers.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Urinary Sweeteners and Sugars in Relation to Childhood Obesity: The SWEET Project.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Dietary salt and protein intake and urinary cystine excretion in patients with cystinuria.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This article summarizes current data and approaches to assess sodium intake in individuals and populations. A review of the literature on sodium excretion and intake estimation supports the continued use of 24-h urine collections for assessing population and individual sodium intake. Since 2000, 29 studies used urine biomarkers to estimate population sodium intake, primarily among adults. More than half used 24-h urine; the rest used a spot/casual, overnight, or 12-h specimen. Associations between individual sodium intake and health outcomes were investigated in 13 prospective cohort studies published since 2000. Only three included an indicator of long-term individual sodium intake, i.e., multiple 24-h urine specimens collected several days apart. Although not insurmountable, logistic challenges of 24-h urine collection remain a barrier for research on the relationship of sodium intake and chronic disease. Newer approaches, including modeling based on shorter collections, offer promise for estimating population sodium intake in some groups.
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