ArticlePloS one2015
Association of respiratory viruses with outcomes of severe childhood pneumonia in Botswana.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Atypical causes of respiratory virus infections in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2013- 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Asymptomatic viruses detectable in saliva in the first year of life: a narrative review.Pediatric research · 2024Pooled it
- What are the risk factors for death among children with pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries? A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory illnesses in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Hospital utilization rates for influenza and RSV: a novel approach and critical assessment.Population health metrics · 2021Pooled it
- The role of viral co-infections in the severity of acute respiratory infections among children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus infection in people with acute respiratory tract infections in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Pooled it
- A pilot, open labelled, randomised controlled trial of hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling for the common cold.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Growth, infection, and humoral immunity in children who are HIV exposed and uninfected.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Role of the upper airway microbiota in respiratory virus and bacterial pathobiont dynamics in the first year of life.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Aetiological agents of pneumonia among HIV and non-HIV infected children in Ghana: A case-control study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Burden of respiratory syncytial virus diseases among under 5 children in Sub-Saharan Africa:Heliyon · 2023Article
- Viral etiologies of lower respiratory tract infections in children < 5 years of age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a prospective case-control study.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species are associated with decreased risk of pneumococcal colonization during infancy.The ISME journal · 2022Article
- Evolution of pneumococcal serotype epidemiology in Botswana following introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.PloS one · 2022Article
- Review
- Placental Transfer of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antibody Among HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Infants.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2020Article
- Interpretation of pediatric chest radiographs by non-radiologist clinicians in Botswana using World Health Organization criteria for endpoint pneumonia.Pediatric radiology · 2020Article
- The prevalence and clinical characteristics of pertussis-associated pneumonia among infants in Botswana.BMC pediatrics · 2019Article
- Molecular Subtyping of Human Rhinovirus in Children from Three Sub-Saharan African Countries.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe highest incidence of childhood acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) is in low- and middle-income countries. Few studies examined whether detection of respiratory viruses predicts ALRI outcomes in these settings.
methodsWe conducted prospective cohort and case-control studies of children 1-23 months of age in Botswana. Cases met clinical criteria for pneumonia and were recruited within six hours of presentation to a referral hospital. Controls were children without pneumonia matched to cases by primary care clinic and date of enrollment. Nasopharyngeal specimens were tested for respiratory viruses using polymerase chain reaction. We compared detection rates of specific viruses in matched case-control pairs. We examined the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other respiratory viruses on pneumonia outcomes.
resultsBetween April 2012 and August 2014, we enrolled 310 cases, of which 133 had matched controls. Median ages of cases and controls were 6.1 and 6.4 months, respectively. One or more viruses were detected from 75% of cases and 34% of controls. RSV and human metapneumovirus were more frequent among cases than controls, but only enterovirus/rhinovirus was detected from asymptomatic controls. Compared with non-RSV viruses, RSV was associated with an increased risk of treatment failure at 48 hours [risk ratio (RR): 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20, 2.84], more days of respiratory support [mean difference (MD): 1.26 days; 95% CI: 0.30, 2.22 days], and longer duration of hospitalization [MD: 1.35 days; 95% CI: 0.20, 2.50 days], but lower in-hospital mortality [RR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.80] in children with pneumonia.
conclusionsRespiratory viruses were detected from most children hospitalized with ALRI in Botswana, but only RSV and human metapneumovirus were more frequent than among children without ALRI. Detection of RSV from children with ALRI predicted a protracted illness course but lower mortality compared with non-RSV viruses.
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