ArticlePloS one2015
Comparative evaluation of nephrotoxicity and management by macrophages of intravenous pharmaceutical iron formulations.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Guideline
- Analysis of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial function following intravenous iron in chronic kidney disease in the Iron and Heart Trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Coenzyme A mitigates cystine-deprivation-induced ferroptosis by suppressing the iron-starvation response.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- Admission Serum Ferritin Levels as a Predictor of Severe Disease in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients in Mexico.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Observational
- Iron deficiency and vaccine efficacy: A mini-review of immunological interplay and evidence across vaccine types.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Article
- The comparative effects of intravenous iron on oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease and iron deficiency: a randomized controlled pilot study.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2021Article
- Iron Metabolism: An Emerging Therapeutic Target in Critical Illness.Critical care (London, England) · 2019Review
- A Wearable Iron-Based Implant as an Intramedullary Nail in Tibial Shaft Fracture of Sheep.International journal of biomaterials · 2019Article
- Emerging and Dynamic Biomedical Uses of Ferritin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Protective Role of Histidine Supplementation Against Oxidative Stress Damage in the Management of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Pharmaceutical iron formulations do not cross a model of the human blood-brain barrier.PloS one · 2018Article
- Iron and restless legs syndrome: treatment, genetics and pathophysiology.Sleep medicine · 2017Article
- Efficiency of Original versus Generic Intravenous Iron Formulations in Patients on Haemodialysis.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a significant clinical need for effective treatment of iron deficiency. A number of compounds that can be administered intravenously have been developed. This study examines how the compounds are handled by macrophages and their relative potential to provoke oxidative stress.
methodsHuman kidney (HK-2) cells, rat peritoneal macrophages and renal cortical homogenates were exposed to pharmaceutical iron preparations. Analyses were performed for indices of oxidative stress and cell integrity. In addition, in macrophages, iron uptake and release and cytokine secretion was monitored.
resultsHK-2 cell viability was decreased by iron isomaltoside and ferumoxytol and all compounds induced lipid peroxidation. In the renal cortical homogenates, lipid peroxidation occurred at lowest concentrations with ferric carboxymaltose, iron dextran, iron sucrose and sodium ferric gluconate. In the macrophages, iron sucrose caused loss of cell viability. Iron uptake was highest for ferumoxytol and iron isomaltoside and lowest for iron sucrose and sodium ferric gluconate. Iron was released as secretion of ferritin or as ferrous iron via ferroportin. The latter was blocked by hepcidin. Exposure to ferric carboxymaltose and iron dextran resulted in release of tumor necrosis factor α.
conclusionsExposure to iron compounds increased cell stress but was tissue and dose dependent. There was a clear difference in the handling of iron from the different compounds by macrophages that suggests in vivo responses may differ.
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