Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25972907›Full record

ArticleEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM2015

Gene Expression Profiling and Pathway Network Analysis Predicts a Novel Antitumor Function for a Botanical-Derived Drug, PG2.

Yu-Lun Kuo, Chun-Houh Chen, Tsung-Hsien Chuang, Wei-Kai Hua, Wey-Jinq Lin, Wei-Hsiang Hsu, Peter Mu-Hsin Chang, Shih-Lan Hsu, Tse-Hung Huang, Cheng-Yan Kao and 1 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Review ofChinese herbal medicines · 2025
    Review
  4. RepurposingViruses · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
  6. The extracts ofInternational journal of medical sciences · 2020
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. The Modulatory Properties ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2019
    Article
  10. Identifying the Antiproliferative Effect ofFrontiers in oncology · 2019
    Article
  11. Tissue-Specific Analysis of Pharmacological Pathways.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2018
    Article
  12. The Extracts ofInternational journal of medical sciences · 2017
    Article
  13. The Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Patients with Leukemia.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2016
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Yu-Lun KuoDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Chun-Houh ChenInstitute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
Tsung-Hsien ChuangImmunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.
Wei-Kai HuaInstitute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
Wey-Jinq LinInstitute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
Wei-Hsiang HsuInstitute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
Peter Mu-Hsin ChangInstitute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Beitou, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
Shih-Lan HsuDepartment of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Taichung 40705, Taiwan.
Tse-Hung HuangDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Raod, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
Cheng-Yan KaoDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronic and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Chi-Ying F HuangInstitute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University · TWNational Taiwan University · TWChang Gung Memorial Hospital · TWInstitute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica · TWNational Health Research Institutes · TWTaichung Veterans General Hospital · TWTaipei Veterans General Hospital · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PG2 is a botanical drug that is mostly composed of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS). Its role in hematopoiesis and relieving cancer-related fatigue has recently been clinically investigated in cancer patients. However, systematic analyses of its functions are still limited. The aim of this study was to use microarray-based expression profiling to evaluate the quality and consistency of PG2 from three different product batches and to study biological mechanisms of PG2. An integrative molecular analysis approach has been designed to examine significant PG2-induced signatures in HL-60 leukemia cells. A quantitative analysis of gene expression signatures was conducted for PG2 by hierarchical clustering of correlation coefficients. The results showed that PG2 product batches were consistent and of high quality. These batches were also functionally equivalent to each other with regard to how they modulated the immune and hematopoietic systems. Within the PG2 signature, there were five genes associated with doxorubicin: IL-8, MDM4, BCL2, PRODH2, and BIRC5. Moreover, the combination of PG2 and doxorubicin had a synergistic effect on induced cell death in HL-60 cells. Together with the bioinformatics-based approach, gene expression profiling provided a quantitative measurement for the quality and consistency of herbal medicines and revealed new roles (e.g., immune modulation) for PG2 in cancer treatment.

Identifiers

PMID25972907
PMCPMC4417974
OpenAlexW2032645924

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.