ArticleDiabetes2015
Detection of Antibodies Directed to the N-Terminal Region of GAD Is Dependent on Assay Format and Contributes to Differences in the Specificity of GAD Autoantibody Assays for Type 1 Diabetes.
Article in Diabetes, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Islet autoantibody profiles associated with higher diabetes risk in Lithuanian compared with English schoolchildren.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Trial
- Article
- Interlaboratory Evaluation of Multiplex Autoantibody Assay Performance in the Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program 2024 Workshop.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of the Sensitivity, Specificity, Concordance, and 5-Year Predictive Power of Diabetes-Related Autoantibody Assays.Diabetes · 2025Article
- The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in older adults.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Improved Specificity of Glutamate Decarboxylase 65 Autoantibody Measurement Using Luciferase-Based Immunoprecipitation System Assays.Diabetes · 2024Article
- Comments on the notion of false positivity in measurements of autoantibodies. Reply to Grill V, Sørgjerd E, Hals I, Carlsson S [letter].Diabetologia · 2024Article
- Stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells (IPCs): recent advances and current challenges.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Review
- Evaluation of the RSR 3 screen ICA™ and 2 screen ICA™ as screening assays for type 1 diabetes in Sweden.Acta diabetologica · 2022Article
- Islet Autoimmunity is Highly Prevalent and Associated With Diminished β-Cell Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the Grade Study.Diabetes · 2022 · on this mapArticle
- Effective assay technologies fit for large-scale population screening of type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2022Review
- Improving clinical utility of GAD65 autoantibodies by electrochemiluminescence assay and clinical phenotype when identifying autoimmune adult-onset diabetes.Diabetologia · 2021Article
- Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) Is Likely to Represent a Mixed Population of Autoimmune (Type 1) and Nonautoimmune (Type 2) Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2021Review
- Increased diagnosis of autoimmune childhood-onset Japanese type 1 diabetes using a new glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, compared with a previously used glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody radioimmunoassay kit.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2020Article
- Clinical and genetic characteristics of people with type 1 diabetes who have discrepancies in titers of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2020Article
- Reduced display of conformational epitopes in the N-terminal truncated GAD65 isoform: relevance for people with stiff person syndrome or DQ8/8-positive Type 1 diabetes mellitus.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2019Article
- Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program 2018 Workshop: Interlaboratory Comparison of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibody Assay Performance.Clinical chemistry · 2019Article
- Actual condition survey regarding mismatch of measurements between radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in real-world clinical practice.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2019Observational
- Autoantibody Diagnostics in Neuroimmunology: Experience From the 2018 Italian Neuroimmunology Association External Quality Assessment Program.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Autoantibodies to N-terminally truncated GAD improve clinical phenotyping of individuals with adult-onset diabetes: Action LADA 12.Diabetologia · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
GAD autoantibodies (GADAs) are sensitive markers of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. They form the basis of robust prediction models and are widely used for the recruitment of subjects at high risk of type 1 diabetes to prevention trials. However, GADAs are also found in many individuals at low risk of diabetes progression. To identify the sources of diabetes-irrelevant GADA reactivity, we analyzed data from the 2009 and 2010 Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program GADA workshop and found that binding of healthy control sera varied according to assay type. The characterization of control sera found positive by radiobinding assay (RBA), but negative by ELISA, showed that many of these sera reacted to epitopes in the N-terminal region of the molecule. This finding prompted development of an N-terminally truncated GAD65 radiolabel, (35)S-GAD65(96-585), which improved the performance of most GADA RBAs participating in an Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program GADA substudy. These detailed workshop comparisons have identified a source of disease-irrelevant signals in GADA RBAs and suggest that N-terminally truncated GAD labels will enable more specific measurement of GADAs in type 1 diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.