ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2015
Changes in Depressive Symptoms and Incidence of First Stroke Among Middle-Aged and Older US Adults.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between depression and stroke risk in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Hobby engagement and hypertension risk: evidence from two large prospective cohorts.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Joint association of lung function and physical activity with risk of incident stroke among the US and Chinese adults.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Incidence of Stroke in a Population With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages 0 to 3: Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study.Interactive journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of total, cognitive-affective, and somatic depressive symptoms in relation to hip fracture risk: evidence from the HRS and ELSA cohorts.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms influence stroke risk across different populations: Three prospective cohort studies.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Impact of Depressive Symptom Severity on Stroke Risk in a US Cohort of People with HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Hobby engagement and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk among people aged 50 years and older in 19 countries.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Bidirectional relationship between epigenetic age and stroke, dementia, and late-life depression.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The association of eight-year trajectories in total, cognitive-affective, and somatic depressive symptoms with incident stroke: a 10-year follow-up study using HRS and ELSA cohorts.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- The Impact of Changes in Depression on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Bidirectional Associations Between Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Depression and Mediation of Lifestyles: A Multicohort Study.JACC. Asia · 2024Article
- Chronic loneliness and the risk of incident stroke in middle and late adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study of U.S. older adults.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Bidirectional relationship between epigenetic age and brain health events.Research square · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Social Isolation Trajectories and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: National Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Exploring the bi-directional relationship and shared genes between depression and strokeFrontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Age-specific associations between serum cholesterol levels and suicidal behaviors in patients with depressive disorders: A naturalistic prospective observational cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Persistence of Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease With and Without Diabetes: Results from the REGARDS Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Article
- Short-term salicylate treatment improves microvascular endothelium-dependent dilation in young adults with major depressive disorder.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2022Article
- Microvascular β-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated Vasodilation Is Attenuated in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Article
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10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough research has demonstrated that depressive symptoms predict stroke incidence, depressive symptoms are dynamic. It is unclear whether stroke risk persists if depressive symptoms remit. METHODS AND
resultsHealth and Retirement Study participants (n=16 178, stroke free and noninstitutionalized at baseline) were interviewed biennially from 1998 to 2010. Stroke and depressive symptoms were assessed through self-report of doctors' diagnoses and a modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression scale (high was ≥3 symptoms), respectively. We examined whether depressive symptom patterns, characterized across 2 successive interviews (stable low/no, onset, remitted, or stable high depressive symptoms) predicted incident stroke (1192 events) during the subsequent 2 years. We used marginal structural Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographics, health behaviors, chronic conditions, and attrition. We also estimated effects stratified by age (≥65 years), race or ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic), and sex. Stroke hazard was elevated among participants with stable high (adjusted hazard ratio 2.14, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.71) or remitted (adjusted hazard ratio 1.66, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.26) depressive symptoms compared with participants with stable low/no depressive symptoms. Stable high depressive symptom predicted stroke among all subgroups. Remitted depressive symptoms predicted increased stroke hazard among women (adjusted hazard ratio 1.86, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.66) and non-Hispanic white participants (adjusted hazard ratio 1.66, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.33) and was marginally associated among Hispanics (adjusted hazard ratio 2.36, 95% CI 0.98 to 5.67).
conclusionsIn this cohort, persistently high depressive symptoms were associated with increased stroke risk. Risk remained elevated even if depressive symptoms remitted over a 2-year period, suggesting cumulative etiologic mechanisms linking depression and stroke.
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