ArticleOtology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology2015
Changes in Gene Expression and Hearing Thresholds After Cochlear Implantation.
Article in Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the Mechanisms Driving Fibrosis Following Cochlear Implantation-Lessons from Other Tissues.Cells · 2025Review
- Dexamethasone-eluting cochlear implants reduce inflammation and foreign body response in human and murine cochleae.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sarpogrelate Delivered via Osmotic Pump Improves Residual Hearing Preservation After Cochlear Implantation.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2025Article
- A preoperative dose of the pyridoindole AC102 improves the recovery of residual hearing in a gerbil animal model of cochlear implantation.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Animal models of cochlear implant: Classification and update.Journal of otology · 2024Review
- Outcomes following cochlear implantation with eluting electrodes: A systematic review.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2024Review
- Contribution of macrophages to neural survival and intracochlear tissue remodeling responses following cochlear implantation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Mild therapeutic hypothermia protects against inflammatory and proapoptotic processes in the rat model of cochlear implant trauma.Hearing research · 2023Article
- Cochlear implants: Causes, effects and mitigation strategies for the foreign body response and inflammation.Hearing research · 2022Review
- Molecular mechanisms and roles of inflammatory responses on low-frequency residual hearing after cochlear implantation.Journal of otology · 2022Review
- A combined genome-wide association and molecular study of age-related hearing loss in H. sapiens.BMC medicine · 2021Article
- Long-Term Release of Dexamethasone With a Polycaprolactone-Coated Electrode Alleviates Fibrosis in Cochlear Implantation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Relationships between Intrascalar Tissue, Neuron Survival, and Cochlear Implant Function.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2020Article
- Therapeutic hypothermia reduces cortical inflammation associated with utah array implants.Journal of neural engineering · 2020Article
- Cytokine Levels in Inner Ear Fluid of Young and Aged Mice as Molecular Biomarkers of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Article
- Inflammatory and Immune Proteins in Umbilical Cord Blood: Association with Hearing Screening Test Failure in Preterm Neonates.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Article
- Effects of dexamethasone on intracochlear inflammation and residual hearing after cochleostomy: A comparison of administration routes.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
hypothesisGene expression changes occur in conjunction with hearing threshold changes after cochlear implantation.
backgroundBetween 30 and 50% of individuals who receive electro-acoustic stimulation (EAS) cochlear implants lose residual hearing after cochlear implantation, reducing the benefits of EAS. The mechanism underlying this hearing loss is unknown; potential pathways include mechanical damage, inflammation, or tissue remodeling changes.
methodsGuinea pigs were implanted in one ear with cochlear implant electrode arrays, with non-implanted ears serving as controls, and allowed to recover for 1, 3, 7, or 14 days. Hearing threshold changes were measured over time. Cochlear ribonucleic acid was analyzed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from the following gene families: cytokines, tight junction claudins, ion and water (aquaporin) transport channels, gap junction connexins, and tissue remodeling genes.
resultsSignificant increases in expression were observed for cochlear inflammatory genes (Cxcl1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Tnfrsf1a/b) and ion homeostasis genes (Scnn1γ, Aqp3, and Gjb3). Upregulation of tissue remodeling genes (TGF-β, MMP2, MMP9) as well as a paracrine gene (CTGF) was also observed. Hearing loss occurred rapidly, peaking at 3 days with some recovery at 7 and 14 days after implantation. MM9 exhibited extreme upregulation of expression and was qualitatively associated with changes in hearing thresholds.
conclusionCochlear implantation induces similar changes as middle ear inflammation for genes involved in inflammation and ion and water transport function, whereas tissue remodeling changes differ markedly. The upregulation of MMP9 with hearing loss is consistent with previous findings linking stria vascularis vessel changes with cochlear implant-induced hearing loss.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.