ArticlePloS one2015
Environmental Conditions Affect Exhalation of H3N2 Seasonal and Variant Influenza Viruses and Respiratory Droplet Transmission in Ferrets.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis result: Uneven influences of season, geo-spatial scale and latitude on relationship between meteorological factors and the COVID-19 transmission.Environmental research · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of airflow stimulation: mild cold airflow is more sensitive to influenza virus infection.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Bioaerosols and Airborne Transmission in the Dental Clinic.International dental journal · 2024Review
- Laboratory studies on the infectivity of human respiratory viruses: Experimental conditions, detections, and resistance to the atmospheric environment.Fundamental research · 2024Review
- Dependence on relative humidity in the formation of reactive oxygen species in water droplets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Dependence of aerosol-borne influenza A virus infectivity on relative humidity and aerosol composition.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Viral respiratory infections in a rapidly changing climate: the need to prepare for the next pandemic.EBioMedicine · 2023Review
- Aerosolize this: Generation, collection, and analysis of aerosolized virus in laboratory settings.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Associations between indoor relative humidity and global COVID-19 outcomes.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Article
- Associative evidence for the potential of humidification as a non-pharmaceutical intervention for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 transmission.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2022Article
- Robustness of the Ferret Model for Influenza Risk Assessment Studies: a Cross-Laboratory Exercise.mBio · 2022Article
- Short-term impact of ambient temperature on the incidence of influenza in Wuhan, China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Inherent Heterogeneity of Influenza A Virus Stability following Aerosolization.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Influenza A virus hemagglutinin prevents extensive membrane damage upon dehydration.BBA advances · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 indoor air transmission is a threat that can be addressed with science.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Non-respiratory particles emitted by guinea pigs in airborne disease transmission experiments.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Review
- Review
- Impact of biometeorological conditions and air pollution on influenza-like illnesses incidence in Warsaw.International journal of biometeorology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The seasonality of influenza virus infections in temperate climates and the role of environmental conditions like temperature and humidity in the transmission of influenza virus through the air are not well understood. Using ferrets housed at four different environmental conditions, we evaluated the respiratory droplet transmission of two influenza viruses (a seasonal H3N2 virus and an H3N2 variant virus, the etiologic virus of a swine to human summertime infection) and concurrently characterized the aerosol shedding profiles of infected animals. Comparisons were made among the different temperature and humidity conditions and between the two viruses to determine if the H3N2 variant virus exhibited enhanced capabilities that may have contributed to the infections occurring in the summer. We report here that although increased levels of H3N2 variant virus were found in ferret nasal wash and exhaled aerosol samples compared to the seasonal H3N2 virus, enhanced respiratory droplet transmission was not observed under any of the environmental settings. However, overall environmental conditions were shown to modulate the frequency of influenza virus transmission through the air. Transmission occurred most frequently at 23°C/30%RH, while the levels of infectious virus in aerosols exhaled by infected ferrets agree with these results. Improving our understanding of how environmental conditions affect influenza virus infectivity and transmission may reveal ways to better protect the public against influenza virus infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.