ReviewProgress in cardiovascular diseases
High-Density Lipoprotein Function Measurement in Human Studies: Focus on Cholesterol Efflux Capacity.
Review in Progress in cardiovascular diseases. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity is inversely associated with cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lipids in health and disease · 2017Pooled it
- Cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL cholesterol, and risk of coronary heart disease: a nested case-control study in men.Journal of lipid research · 2019Trial
- Saturated Fats from Butter but Not from Cheese Increase HDL-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux Capacity from J774 Macrophages in Men and Women with Abdominal Obesity.The Journal of nutrition · 2018Trial
- Uric Acid-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio Is Associated with Prediabetes and an Adverse Metabolic Profile: Results from the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- High Density Lipoprotein Assessment Revisited: A Review of Foundational Understanding and Recent Developments in Function, Particle Size, and Cardiometabolic Impact.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Characterization and response to exercise training of HDL-specific phospholipid efflux.Journal of lipid research · 2026Article
- Study on the predictive value of NHR and UHR levels in early pregnancy for gestational diabetes mellitus: based on a retrospective analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The predictive value of neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in early pregnancy for gestational diabetes based on nomogram.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of the Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Neutrophil to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio With the Severity of New-Onset Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Associations of an HDL apolipoproteomic index with cardiometabolic risk factors before and after exercise training in the HERITAGE Family Study.Atherosclerosis · 2024Article
- The association between lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio and depression: Data from NHANES 2015-2018.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)-Derived Inflammation Indexes Are Useful in Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Adults with Severe Obesity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Dyslipidemias: Prevalence and Associated Factors among Lactating Women in a Lower- and Middle-Income Country, Ghana.Journal of lipids · 2023Article
- The newly proposed alanine aminotransferase to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio has shown effectiveness in identifying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Cholesterol efflux and macrophage polarization in human adipose tissue.Physiological research · 2022Article
- Oxidative modification of HDL by lipid aldehydes impacts HDL function.Archives of biochemistry and biophysics · 2022Review
- High-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and its relation with disease severity.Lipids in health and disease · 2022Article
- Effect of thyroid function on pre-β1 high-density lipoprotein levels in patients with Graves' disease undergoing radioiodine treatment.Endocrine · 2022Article
- Neutrophil to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio is Associated with Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Predictive Value of Immune Cells in the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A low plasma level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, several observations have highlighted the shortcomings of using cholesterol content as the sole reflection of HDL metabolism. In particular, several large randomized controlled trials of extended release niacin and cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors on background statin therapy have failed to show improvement in ASCVD outcomes despite significant increases in HDL-C. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the principal HDL function that impacts macrophage foam cell formation and other functions such as endothelial activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, monocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation. Cholesterol efflux from macrophages to plasma/serum reflects the first critical step of RCT and is considered a key anti-atherosclerotic function of HDL. Whether this function is operative in humans remains to be seen, but recent studies assessing cholesterol efflux in humans suggest that the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of human plasma or serum is a potent marker of ASCVD risk. This review describes the methodology of measuring CEC ex vivo from human samples and the findings to date linking CEC to human disease. Studies to date confirm that CEC can be reliably measured using stored human blood samples as cholesterol acceptors and suggest that CEC may be a promising new biomarker for atherosclerotic and metabolic diseases. Further studies are needed to standardize measurements and clarify the role CEC may play in predicting risk of developing disease and response to therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.