ArticleBMC microbiology2015
Heat fixation inactivates viral and bacterial pathogens and is compatible with downstream MALDI mass spectrometry tissue imaging.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Novel Approach for Tissue Analysis in Joint Infections Using the Scattered Light Integrating Collector (SLIC).Biosensors · 2025Article
- Mass Spectrometry Imaging: Revolutionizing Molecular Insights in Infectious Diseases Research.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The clinical-stage drug BTZ-043 accumulates in murine tuberculosis lesions and efficiently acts against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Metabolic insights from mass spectrometry imaging of biofilms: A perspective from model microorganisms.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Amino acid catabolite markers for early prognostication of pneumonia in patients with COVID-19.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Single cell metabolism: current and future trends.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2022Review
- Applications of spatially resolved omics in the field of endocrine tumors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- On-Slide Heat Sterilization Enables Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Tissue Infected with High-Threat Pathogens Outside of Biocontainment: A Study Directed atJournal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2021Article
- Bringing Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging to the Clinics.Clinics in laboratory medicine · 2021Review
- Shelf-Life Optimisation of Plasma Polymerised (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPOpp) Coatings; A New Possible Approach to Tackle Infections in Chronic Wounds.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Rapid Inactivation of Non-Endospore-Forming Bacterial Pathogens by Heat Stabilization is Compatible with Downstream Next-Generation Sequencing.Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association · 2019Article
- Local application of bacteria improves safety of Salmonella -mediated tumor therapy and retains advantages of systemic infection.Oncotarget · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTissue samples should be fixed and permanently stabilized as soon as possible ex-vivo to avoid variations in proteomic content. Tissues collected from studies involving infectious microorganisms, must face the additional challenge of pathogen inactivation before downstream proteomic analysis can be safely performed. Heat fixation using the Denator Stabilizor System (Gothenburg, Sweden) utilizes conductive heating, under a mild vacuum, to rapidly eliminate enzymatic degradation in tissue samples. Although many studies have reported on the ability of this method to stop proteolytic degradation and other sample changes immediately and permanently, pathogen inactivation has not been studied.
resultsWe examined the ability of the heat fixation workflow to inactivate bacterial and viral pathogens and the suitability of this tissue for Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Mice were infected with viral or bacterial pathogens representing two strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEEV) and two strains of Burkholderia. Additionally, a tissue mimetic model was employed using Escherichia, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter isolates. Infected tissue samples harvested from each animal or mimetic model were sectioned in half. One half was heat fixed and the other remained untreated. Lysates from each sample were checked for organism viability by performing plaque (infectivity) assays or plating on nutrient agar for colony forming unit (CFU) calculation. Untreated infected control tissue demonstrated the presence of each viable pathogen by positive plaque or colony formation, whereas heat fixation resulted in complete inactivation of both the viral and bacterial pathogens. MALDI-MSI images produced from heat fixed tissue were reflective of molecular distributions within brain, spleen and lung tissue structures.
conclusionsWe conclude that heat fixation inactivates viral and bacterial pathogens and is compatible with proteomic analysis by MALDI-MSI. This treatment will enable the use of infected tissue from studies performed in bio-safety level 3 laboratories with VEEV and Burkholderia to be safely used for proteomic, small molecule drug detection, and imaging mass spectrometry analysis.
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