ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2015
Evolution of functional six-nucleotide DNA.
Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Emergence of Life in the Light of Evolution.ArXiv · 2026Article
- Multivalent Aptamers: Contemporary Engineering Strategies and Biomedical Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- High-Affinity Six-Letter DNA XenoAptamer Generation by Genetic Alphabet Expansion.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Disease Biomarker Detection and Clinical Prospects.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Advances in aptamer technology for target-based drug discovery.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Expanded genetic alphabet increases structural and chemical diversity of six-letter DNA for high-affinity protein-targeting aptamers.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Improving the Fidelity of Replication of a Six-Letter DNA Alphabet.ACS chemical biology · 2025Article
- Aptamers as a New Frontier in Molecular Cancer Imaging Technologies.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2025Review
- Cancer cell target discovery: comparing laboratory evolution of expanded DNA six-nucleotide alphabets with standard four-nucleotide alphabets.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Joining Natural and Synthetic DNA Using Biversal Nucleotides: Efficient Sequencing of Six-Nucleotide DNA.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Recognition-Encoded Molecules: A Minimal Self-Replicator.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Article
- Six-Letter DNA Nanotechnology: Incorporation ofNano letters · 2024Article
- A folding motif formed with an expanded genetic alphabet.Nature chemistry · 2024Article
- Enzyme-assisted high throughput sequencing of an expanded genetic alphabet at single base resolution.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Aptamer Technologies in Neuroscience, Neuro-Diagnostics and Neuro-Medicine Development.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Enzyme-Assisted High Throughput Sequencing of an Expanded Genetic Alphabet at Single Base Resolution.Research square · 2023Article
- Functionally Enhanced XNA Aptamers Discovered by Parallelized Library Screening.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2023Article
- Conformational Morphing by a DNA Analogue Featuring 7-Deazapurines and 5-Halogenpyrimidines and the Origins of Adenine-Tract Geometry.Biochemistry · 2023Article
- Sequence-selective duplex formation and template effect in recognition-encoded oligoanilines.Chemical science · 2023Article
- Synthetic Biology Pathway to Nucleoside Triphosphates for Expanded Genetic Alphabets.ACS synthetic biology · 2023Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Axiomatically, the density of information stored in DNA, with just four nucleotides (GACT), is higher than in a binary code, but less than it might be if synthetic biologists succeed in adding independently replicating nucleotides to genetic systems. Such addition could also add functional groups not found in natural DNA, but useful for molecular performance. Here, we consider two new nucleotides (Z and P, 6-amino-5-nitro-3-(1'-β-D-2'-deoxyribo-furanosyl)-2(1H)-pyridone and 2-amino-8-(1'-β-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]-1,3,5-triazin-4(8H)-one). These are designed to pair via complete Watson-Crick geometry. These were added to a library of oligonucleotides used in a laboratory in vitro evolution (LIVE) experiment; the GACTZP library was challenged to deliver molecules that bind selectively to liver cancer cells, but not to untransformed liver cells. Unlike in classical in vitro selection, low levels of mutation allow this system to evolve to create binding molecules not necessarily present in the original library. Over a dozen binding species were recovered. The best had Z and/or P in their sequences. Several had multiple, nearby, and adjacent Zs and Ps. Only the weaker binders contained no Z or P at all. This suggests that this system explored much of the sequence space available to this genetic system and that GACTZP libraries are richer reservoirs of functionality than standard libraries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.