ArticleBehaviour research and therapy2015
Therapist use of Socratic questioning predicts session-to-session symptom change in cognitive therapy for depression.
Article in Behaviour research and therapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- A randomized controlled trial of a smartphone-based application for the treatment of anxiety.Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research · 2021Trial
- A Propensity Score Analysis of Homework Adherence-Outcome Relations in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression.Behavior therapy · 2019Trial
- Personal resource gains: Effective coping builds academic buoyancy, and academic buoyancy builds achievement.The British journal of educational psychology · 2026Article
- Exploring the principles of logotherapy in genetic counseling: Enhancing decision-making, adaptation, and justice.Journal of genetic counseling · 2026Article
- Comparing researcher-curated AI-drafted feedback styles for negative automatic thought believability: an online randomized scenario-based experiment.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Generative artificial intelligence in posttraumatic stress disorder treatment: Exploring five different use cases.Journal of traumatic stress · 2025Article
- The Question Cube Re-imagined - A 5-Dimensional Model for Cultivating Coaches' Capacity for Curious Inquiry in Health Behaviour Change.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Review
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Managing Tinnitus, Hyperacusis, and Misophonia: The 2025 Tonndorf Lecture.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Habenula contributions to negative self-cognitions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Initial development and psychometric properties of the Therapist Quality Scale.Rehabilitation psychology · 2024Article
- A Novel Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Generative AI Tool (Socrates 2.0) to Facilitate Socratic Dialogue: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Temporal sequencing of change in trauma-related beliefs and therapeutic alliance during prolonged exposure and sertraline for chronic PTSD.Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research · 2024Article
- A Case for Translation From the Clinic to the Laboratory.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2022Article
- How to model and interpret cross-lagged effects in psychotherapy mechanisms of change research: A comparison of multilevel and structural equation models.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2022Article
- Use of cognitive techniques is associated with change in positive compensatory skills in the treatment of major depressive disorder in a community mental health setting.Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research · 2021Article
- The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Acromegalics After a 9-Month Follow-Up.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Psychological Counseling: A Narrative Review and Governance Framework.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingReview
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Socratic questioning is a key therapeutic strategy in cognitive therapy (CT) for depression. However, little is known regarding its relation to outcome. In this study, we examine therapist use of Socratic questioning as a predictor of session-to-session symptom change. Participants were 55 depressed adults who participated in a 16-week course of CT (see Adler, Strunk, & Fazio, 2015). Socratic questioning was assessed through observer ratings of the first three sessions. Socratic ratings were disaggregated into scores reflecting within-patient and between-patient variability to facilitate an examination of the relation of within-patient Socratic questioning and session-to-session symptom change. Because we examined within-patient variability in Socratic questioning, the identification of such a relation cannot be attributed to any stable patient characteristics that might otherwise introduce a spurious relation. Within-patient Socratic questioning significantly predicted session-to-session symptom change across the early sessions, with a one standard deviation increase in Socratic-Within predicting a 1.51-point decrease in BDI-II scores in the following session. Within-patient Socratic questioning continued to predict symptom change after controlling for within-patient ratings of the therapeutic alliance (i.e., Relationship and Agreement), suggesting that the relation of Socratic questioning and symptom change was not only independent of stable characteristics, but also within-patient variation in the alliance. Our results provide the first empirical support for a relation of therapist use of Socratic questioning and symptom change in CT for depression.
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