ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2015
Topical, Aqueous, Clear Cyclosporine Formulation Design for Anterior and Posterior Ocular Delivery.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of OTX-101 0.09% ciclosporin solution on clinical signs of dry eye disease in patients with moderate-to-severe corneal damage: a post-hoc analysis of randomized clinical trials.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Trial
- Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Preservative Free Cyclosporine in Dry Eye Disease.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Trial
- Phase 3 Efficacy (Worse-Eye Analysis) and Long-Term Safety Evaluation of OTX-101 in Patients with Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Trial
- Article
- Sodium Alendronate-Modified PLGA-mPEG Nanomicelles Loaded with Rifapentine for Targeted Delivery to Bone Tissue.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Effect of Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Solution 0.09% on Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease in Patients Inadequately Controlled on Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion 0.05%: Results from a Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase 4 Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- From design to Deployment: The innovative role of nanomicelles in targeted ophthalmic therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Anti-inflammatory effects of LCB 03-0110 on human corneal epithelial and murine T helper 17 cells.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Envisioning the Future: Nanomicelles Revolutionizing Ocular Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Novel fabrication of anti-VEGF drug ranibizumab loaded PLGA/PLA co-polymeric nanomicelles for long-acting intraocular delivery in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration therapy.Regenerative therapy · 2024Article
- Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Neuroprotective Agents in the Treatment of Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Updates on Biodegradable Formulations for Ocular Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Application of Nanomicelles in Enhancing Bioavailability and Biological Efficacy of Bioactive Nutrients.Polymers · 2022Review
- Selective Pharmacologic Therapies for Dry Eye Disease Treatment: Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety Data Review from Preclinical Studies and Pivotal Trials.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Review
- Self-Assembled Nanomicellar Formulation of Docetaxel as a Potential Breast Cancer Chemotherapeutic System.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Emerging Role of Topical Ocular Drugs to Target the Posterior Eye.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2021Review
- Polymeric Micelles for the Enhanced Deposition of Hydrophobic Drugs into Ocular Tissues, without Plasma Exposure.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Nanomicelles: Types, properties and applications in drug delivery.IET nanobiotechnology · 2021Review
- Ten Years of Knowledge of Nano-Carrier Based Drug Delivery Systems in Ophthalmology: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Future Prospective.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Review
- Self-Assembling Tacrolimus Nanomicelles for Retinal Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe main objective of this study was to optimize cyclosporine (CsA) nanomicellar solution and study in vivo ocular CsA tissue distribution with a topical drop.
methodsAn optimized blend of hydrogenated castor oil-40 and octoxynol-40 was prepared to entrap CsA within nanomicelles. In vivo studies were conducted in New Zealand White albino rabbits with topical drop instillation.
resultsAverage size of CsA-loaded nanomicelles was approximately 22.4 nm. Ocular tissue CsA quantification with single and multiple dosing revealed that CsA levels followed as cornea → iris-ciliary body → aqueous humor → lens. Cyclosporine levels were also found to be in the following order: conjunctiva → sclera → retina/choroid → vitreous humor. High CsA level was detected in retina/choroid (53.7 ng/g tissue).
conclusionsOcular tissue CsA distribution studies revealed high CsA concentrations in anterior ocular tissues. Moreover, it appears that nanomicelles are transported through a conjunctival-scleral pathway and deliver CsA to the retina/choroid. Results suggest polymeric blend to be a safe carrier for anterior and posterior ocular tissues. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: This study has significant translational relevance, disclosing results that suggest that aqueous nanomicellar approach can provide high corneal and conjunctival CsA concentrations. Aqueous nanomicelles can deliver high drug concentrations not only to anterior but also to back of the eye tissues, including retina. This article provides a platform for noninvasive back of the eye drug delivery with topical eye drops. Aqueous CsA nanomicelles have no perceptible toxicity such as cell membrane damage or cytotoxicity to corneal and retinal pigment epithelial cells. Clear aqueous nanomicellar solution can be translated to human conditions for keratoconjunctivitis sicca and other anti-inflammatory conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.