ReviewThe journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG
Reported rates of diarrhea following oral penicillin therapy in pediatric clinical trials.
Review in The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05345457 (Outpatient Antibiotics Following Previable Rupture of Membranes), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Outpatient Antibiotics Following Previable Rupture of Membranes (pPPROM) Between 18 0/7 and 22 6/7 Weeks Gestational Age
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of 24 antibiotics for group A streptococcal pharyngitis: a network meta-analysis of 64 randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Reviewing the WHO guidelines for antibiotic use for sepsis in neonates and children.Paediatrics and international child health · 2018Pooled it
- Antibiotic use for community-acquired pneumonia in neonates and children: WHO evidence review.Paediatrics and international child health · 2018Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea in Paediatric Patients With Severe Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort.Nursing in critical care · 2026Article
- Role ofFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Outcomes of antibiotic treatment for respiratory infections in children an observational study in primary care.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2024Observational
- Antibiotic associated diarrhea in outpatient pediatric antibiotic therapy.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Treatment Outcomes of Severe Acute Malnutrition and Its Determinants Among Paediatric Patients in Quetta City, Pakistan.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Article
- The perfect storm: respiratory viral surges and anti-infective shortages.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2023Article
- Gut Ruminococcaceae levels at baseline correlate with risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.iScience · 2022Article
- NontypeableBiofilm · 2020Article
- Update on the adverse effects of antimicrobial therapies in community practice.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2020Review
- Review
- A comparison of five paediatric dosing guidelines for antibiotics.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2020Article
- Penicillin - getting prescribing right for children.Australian prescriber · 2020Review
- Immunization with a Biofilm-Disrupting NontypeablemSphere · 2020Article
- SYN-007, an Orally Administered Beta-Lactamase Enzyme, Protects the Gut Microbiome from Oral Amoxicillin/Clavulanate without Adversely Affecting Antibiotic Systemic Absorption in Dogs.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Diarrhea and associated factors among under-5 children in Ethiopia: A secondary data analysis.SAGE open medicine · 2020Article
- A Small In Vitro Fermentation Model for Screening the Gut Microbiota Effects of Different Fiber Preparations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Antibiotic Recommendations for Acute Otitis Media and Acute Bacterial Sinusitis: Conundrum No More.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAntibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a well-recognized adverse reaction to oral penicillins. This review analyzed the literature to determine the incidence of AAD following amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and penicillin V oral therapy in pediatric clinical trials.
methodsAn advanced search was conducted in MEDLINE and Embase databases for articles in any language reporting the incidence of AAD following oral penicillin therapy for any indicated infection in children (0-17 years). The search was limited to clinical trials. Articles were excluded if treatment was related to chronic conditions, involved concomitant antimicrobials, or if the dose or number of patients was not specified.
resultsFour hundred thirty-five articles relating to clinical trials were identified (307 from Embase; 128 from MEDLINE). Thirty-five articles reporting on 42 studies were included for analysis. The indications included acute otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and pneumonia. Thirty-three trials reported on amoxicillin/clavulanate, 6 on amoxicillin, and 3 on penicillin V. In total, the 42 trials included 7729 children who were treated with an oral penicillin. On average, 17.2% had AAD. Data were pooled for each penicillin. The AAD incidence was 19.8% for amoxicillin/clavulanate, 8.1% for amoxicillin, and 1.2% for penicillin V. The amoxicillin/clavulanate data were analyzed according to formulation: pooled-average. The incidence of ADD was 24.6% for the 4:1 formulation, 12.8% for the 7:1 formulation, 19.0% for the 8:1 formulation, and 20.2% for the 14:1 formulation.
conclusionsThese results demonstrate substantially increased incidence of AAD following use of amoxicillin/clavulanate, compared to use of amoxicillin and penicillin V, as well as varying AAD rates with diffierent amoxicillin/clavulanate formulations. These findings warrant consideration when prescribing. The underlying mechanisms of AAD in children remain unclear.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.