ReviewSchizophrenia bulletin2015
The Kraepelinian Dichotomy From the Perspective of Prenatal Infectious and Immunologic Insults.
Review in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders manifesting with psychosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Inflammation and emotion regulation: a narrative review of evidence and mechanisms in emotion dysregulation disorders.Neuronal signaling · 2023Review
- Assessing for prenatal risk factors associated with infant neurologic morbidity using a multivariate analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- Inflammation as a Mechanism of Bipolar Disorder Neuroprogression.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Article
- GWAS SNPs Impact Shared Regulatory Pathways Amongst Multimorbid Psychiatric Disorders and Cognitive Functioning.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Schizophrenia and Influenza at the Centenary of the 1918-1919 Spanish Influenza Pandemic: Mechanisms of Psychosis Risk.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- 120th Anniversary of the Kraepelinian Dichotomy of Psychiatric Disorders.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Review
- Maternal Immune Activation and Neuropsychiatric Illness: A Translational Research Perspective.The American journal of psychiatry · 2018Review
- A Bayesian model comparison approach to test the specificity of visual integration impairment in schizophrenia or psychosis.Psychiatry research · 2018Article
- Assessment of Complement Cascade Components in Patients With Bipolar Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2018Article
- Peptide Sharing Between Viruses and DLX Proteins: A Potential Cross-Reactivity Pathway to Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Article
- Maternal serum cytokine levels and risk of bipolar disorder.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2017Article
- Gestational maternal C--reactive protein and risk of bipolar disorder among young individuals in a Nationwide Birth Cohort.Journal of affective disorders · 2017Article
- Immuno-psychiatry: an agenda for clinical practice and innovative research.BMC medicine · 2016Article
- Kynurenine and Tryptophan Levels in Patients With Schizophrenia and Elevated Antigliadin Immunoglobulin G Antibodies.Psychosomatic medicine · 2016Article
- Maternal T. gondii, offspring bipolar disorder and neurocognition.Psychiatry research · 2016Article
- Where Do Epigenetics and Developmental Origins Take the Field of Developmental Psychopathology?Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The "Kraepelinian dichotomy" between schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) has been a dominant force in our thinking on the classification of these mental disorders. Emerging evidence indicates that these 2 disorders overlap significantly with regard to epidemiology, clinical presentation, genetic susceptibility, structural neuroanatomy, and treatment. Prenatal infection and immunologic dysfunction appear to be risk factors for both SZ and BD; some of these gestational exposures are present in both disorders while others may be specific to 1 or the other of the 2 syndromes. In this paper, we shall review prior studies of prenatal infections and immunologic insults in schizophrenia and BD, including exposures which overlap and which differ between these disorders, discuss the potential utility of maternal infection as one strategy toward developing a more biologically meaningful diagnostic classification system, and propose new recommendations for future research aimed at dissecting these 2 disorders from one another at the etiologic level.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.