ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015
Probiotics, antibiotics and the immune responses to vaccines.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The influence of prebiotic or probiotic supplementation on antibody titers after influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Salmonella infection in chickens: pathogen, pathogenesis, and dietary non-drug feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics - a comprehensive review.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Gut bacteria-derived sphingolipids alter innate immune responses to oral cholera vaccine antigens.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- The gut microbiota modifies antibody durability and booster responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Mitigation Potential of Herbal Extracts and Constituent Bioactive Compounds onAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Bacterial Vaccines Combating Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Aging and Microbiome in the Modulation of Vaccine Efficacy.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Ethical considerations in international clinical trial site selection.BMJ global health · 2022Review
- Vaccines, Microbiota and Immunonutrition: Food for Thought.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Effect of Probiotics on the Performance and Intestinal Health of Broiler Chickens Infected withVaccines · 2022Article
- Non-Antibiotics Strategies to ControlAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Effect of gluten-free diet and antibiotics on murine gut microbiota and immune response to tetanus vaccination.PloS one · 2022Article
- Review
- Housing conditions and microbial environment do not affect the efficacy of vaccines for treatment of opioid use disorders in mice and rats.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Exploring the Effect of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Postbiotics in Strengthening Immune Activity in the Elderly.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Immunomodulation by the Commensal Microbiome During Immune-Targeted Interventions: Focus on Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy and Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The Impact of the Microbiome on Immunity to Vaccination in Humans.Cell host & microbe · 2020Review
- Overview of the Development, Impacts, and Challenges of Live-Attenuated Oral Rotavirus Vaccines.Vaccines · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Orally delivered vaccines have been shown to perform poorly in developing countries. There are marked differences in the structure and the luminal environment of the gut in developing countries resulting in changes in immune and barrier function. Recent studies using newly developed technology and analytic methods have made it increasingly clear that the intestinal microbiota activate a multitude of pathways that control innate and adaptive immunity in the gut. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the underperformance of oral vaccines in developing countries, and modulation of the intestinal microbiota is now being tested in human clinical trials. Supplementation with specific strains of probiotics has been shown to have modulatory effects on intestinal and systemic immune responses in animal models and forms the basis for human studies with vaccines. However, most studies published so far that have evaluated the immune response to vaccines in children and adults have been small and results have varied by age, antigen, type of antibody response and probiotic strain. Use of anthelminthic drugs in children has been shown to possibly increase immunogenicity following oral cholera vaccination, lending further support to the rationale for modulation of the immune response to oral vaccination through the intestinal microbiome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.