ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015
Biological challenges to effective vaccines in the developing world.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness and safety in vulnerable populations: a meta-analysis of 33 observational studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Breastfeeding and the Risk of Infant Illness in Asia: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Skin exposure to soil microbiota elicits changes in cell-mediated immunity to pneumococcal vaccine.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Early antibiotic exposure and vaccine immune responses in preterm infants: potential sex-specific differences.Gut microbes · 2026Observational
- Gut microbiota: a new factor modulating the immunizing potential of viral and cancer vaccines.Research square · 2025Article
- The role of the gut microbiota in regulating responses to vaccination: current knowledge and future directions.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Helminth infections affect host immune responses to viral infections and vaccines.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Vaccine-induced responses to R21/Matrix-M - an analysis of samples from a phase 1b age de-escalation, dose-escalation trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immunological factors linked to geographical variation in vaccine responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Mode of delivery modulates the intestinal microbiota and impacts the response to vaccination.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Can what have we learnt about BCG vaccination in the last 20 years help us to design a better tuberculosis vaccine?Vaccine · 2022Review
- Article
- Antituberculosis BCG vaccination: more reasons for varying innate and adaptive immune responses.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Review of poliovirus modeling performed from 2000 to 2019 to support global polio eradication.Expert review of vaccines · 2020Review
- Construction of aIndian journal of microbiology · 2019Article
- Immunization: vital progress, unfinished agenda.Nature · 2019Review
- The Importance of Iron Status for Young Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- The potential of the microbiota to influence vaccine responses.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The reason for holding a meeting to discuss biological challenges to vaccines is simple: not all vaccines work equally well in all settings. This special issue reviews the performance of vaccines in challenging environments, summarizes current thinking on the reasons why vaccines underperform and considers what approaches are necessary to understand the heterogeneity in responses and to improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.