ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015
The impact of maternal infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the infant response to bacille Calmette-Guérin immunization.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal pertussis immunization and the blunting of routine vaccine effectiveness: a meta-analysis and modeling study.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- Neonatal BCG Vaccination Influences Cytokine Responses to Toll-like Receptor Ligands and Heterologous Antigens.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Early BCG-Denmark and Neonatal Mortality Among Infants Weighing <2500 g: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Trial
- Nonspecific effect of BCG vaccination at birth on early childhood infections: a randomized, clinical multicenter trial.Pediatric research · 2016Trial
- Bacille Calmette-Guérin-specific IgG titres among infants born to mothers with active tuberculosis disease in Uganda.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Immune Responses Following BCG Immunization of Infants in Uganda and United Kingdom Are Similar for Purified Protein Derivative but Differ for Secretory Proteins ofFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Maternal LatentFrontiers in immunology · 2020Observational
- BCG as a Case Study for Precision Vaccine Development: Lessons From Vaccine Heterogeneity, Trained Immunity, and Immune Ontogeny.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Tuberculosis vaccines - perspectives from the NIH/NIAID Mycobacteria vaccine testing program.Current opinion in immunology · 2017Review
- Maternal BCG scar is associated with increased infant proinflammatory immune responses.Vaccine · 2017Observational
- What Have We Learnt about BCG Vaccination in the Last 20 Years?Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Biological challenges to effective vaccines in the developing world.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization provides variable protection against tuberculosis. Prenatal antigen exposure may have lifelong effects on responses to related antigens and pathogens. We therefore hypothesized that maternal latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) influences infant responses to BCG immunization at birth. We measured antibody (n = 53) and cellular (n = 31) responses to M. tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD) in infants of mothers with and without LTBI, in cord blood and at one and six weeks after BCG. The concentrations of PPD-specific antibodies declined between birth (median [interquartile range (IQR)]) 5600 ng ml(-1) [3300-11 050] in cord blood) and six weeks (0.00 ng ml(-1) [0-288]). Frequencies of PPD-specific IFN-γ-expressing CD4(+)T cells increased at one week and declined between one and six weeks (p = 0.031). Frequencies of IL-2- and TNF-α-expressing PPD-specific CD4(+)T cells increased between one and six weeks (p = 0.019, p = 0.009, respectively). At one week, the frequency of PPD-specific CD4(+)T cells expressing any of the three cytokines, combined, was lower among infants of mothers with LTBI, in crude analyses (p = 0.002) and after adjusting for confounders (mean difference, 95% CI -0.041% (-0.082, -0.001)). In conclusion, maternal LTBI was associated with lower infant anti-mycobacterial T-cell responses immediately following BCG immunization. These findings are being explored further in a larger study.
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