SynthesisMolecular neurobiology2016
Maternal Thyroxine Levels During Pregnancy and Outcomes of Cognitive Development in Children.
Synthesis in Molecular neurobiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neuropsychiatric disorders in children of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Obstetric and offspring outcomes in isolated maternal hypothyroxinaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal thyroid hormone insufficiency during pregnancy and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical endocrinology · 2018Pooled it
- Maternal polycystic ovarian syndrome and offspring psychopathology and neurodevelopment.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Gestational hypothyroxinemia induces ASD-like phenotypes in behavior, proinflammatory markers, and glutamatergic protein expression in mouse offspring of both sexes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Iodine Deficiency, Maternal Hypothyroxinemia and Endocrine Disrupters Affecting Fetal Brain Development: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Neonatal Thyroxine, Maternal Thyroid Function, and Cognition in Mid-childhood in a US Cohort.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Article
- A transient window of hypothyroidism alters neural progenitor cells and results in abnormal brain development.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Association of Maternal Exposure to Childhood Abuse With Elevated Risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women With Moderate to Severe Alcohol Consumption Is Related to Infant Developmental Outcomes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Article
- Influence of maternal thyroid hormones during gestation on fetal brain development.Neuroscience · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Though there were many studies assessing the relationship between maternal thyroxine levels during pregnancy and cognitive development in children, there was still lack of evidence for the association from a comprehensive assessment of published data. To get a more comprehensive estimate of the influence of low maternal thyroxine levels on cognitive function, a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was performed. Two electronic databases, MEDLINE and EMBASE, were searched for relevant prospective cohort studies. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were pooled using random-effect model of meta-analysis to assess the risk of delayed cognitive development in children. Seven prospective cohort studies with a total of 8273 mother-child pairs were included into the meta-analysis. There was obvious between-study heterogeneity in the meta-analysis (I(2) = 69.6%). Meta-analysis of using random-effect model showed that low maternal thyroxine level was significantly associated with a threefold risk of delayed cognitive development in children (random RR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.83-5.18, P < 0.001). When excluding the study with largest weight, there was no obvious between-study heterogeneity in the left studies (I(2) = 47.6%), and meta-analysis using random-effect model showed that low maternal thyroxine level was still significantly associated with increased risk of delayed cognitive development in children (random RR = 3.76, 95% CI 2.14-6.58, P < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis by omitting other studies by turns showed that there was no obvious change in the pooled risk estimates, and all pooled RRs were statistically significant. Therefore, the findings from the meta-analysis provide strong evidence for the association between maternal thyroxine levels during pregnancy and cognitive development in children. Low maternal thyroxine level is significantly associated with a threefold risk of delayed cognitive development in children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.