ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2015
Association between anxiety and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03667677 (Comparison of Tandospirone, Amlodipine and Their Combination in Adults With Hypertension and Anxiety), which is not on this map. Cited by 114 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Tandospirone, Amlodipine and Their Combination in Adults With Hypertension and Anxiety: a Multicentre, Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo-controlled Trial
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of mindfulness-based interventions on people with prehypertension or hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Benzodiazepines Reduce Blood Pressure in Short Term: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current hypertension reports · 2023Pooled it
- Celiac disease poses significant risk in developing depression, anxiety, headache, epilepsy, panic disorder, dysthymia: A meta-analysis.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2021Pooled it
- Influence of Mindfulness and Relaxation on Treatment of Essential Hypertension: Meta-Analysis.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2021Pooled it
- The Effects of Green Tea Amino Acid L-Theanine Consumption on the Ability to Manage Stress and Anxiety Levels: a Systematic Review.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2020Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Reduces Office Blood Pressure and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: Enhanced Response among Those With a Pronounced White Coat Response.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Trial
- Using structural equation model to analyse the effect of psychological pressure on the patients with essential hypertension blood pressure and blood biochemical indicators.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong intervention on anxiety and stress in diabetic and hypertensive Brazilian patients: a randomized controlled trial.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Trial
- Tai chi or health education for older adults with hypertension: effects on mental health and psychological resilience to COVID-19.Aging & mental health · 2023Trial
- Beneficial effects of celery seed extract (Apium graveolens), as a supplement, on anxiety and depression in hypertensive patients: a randomized clinical trial.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Sociodemographic Characteristics and Dietary Habits Associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in Adults Living in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Large Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Clarifying the Association Between Food Insecurity and Chronic Disease: Why Methods Matter.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Associations of modifiable risk factors with depression and anxiety in women and men: evidence from the UK Biobank.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- A Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Hypertension Incidence Based on Cohort Study.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Gender differences in sleep quality and its associated factors in patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Heart Rate Variability Moderates the Association Between Trait Anxiety and Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Humans.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms with incident hypertension among young adults.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Review
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological studies have repeatedly investigated the association between anxiety and hypertension. However, the results have been inconsistent. This study aimed to summarize the current evidence from cross-sectional and prospective studies that evaluated this association.
methodsSeven common databases were searched for articles published up to November 2014. Cross-sectional and prospective studies that reported an association between the two conditions in adults were included. Data on prevalence, incidence, unadjusted or adjusted odds ratios or hazard ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted or calculated by the authors. The pooled odds ratio was calculated separately for cross-sectional and prospective studies using random-effects models. The Q test and I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. A funnel plot and modified Egger linear regression test were used to estimate publication bias.
resultsThe search yielded 13 cross-sectional studies (n=151,389), and the final pooled odds ratio was 1.18 (95% CI 1.02-1.37; P Q<0.001; I (2)=84.9%). Eight prospective studies with a total sample size of 80,146 and 2,394 hypertension case subjects, and the pooled adjusted hazard ratio was 1.55 (95% CI 1.24-1.94; P Q<0.001; I (2)=84.6%). The meta-regression showed that location, diagnostic criteria for anxiety, age, sex, sample size, year of publication, quality, and years of follow-up (for prospective study) were not sources of heterogeneity.
conclusionOur results suggest that there is an association between anxiety and increased risk of hypertension. These results support early detection and management of anxiety in hypertensive patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.