Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25960621›Full record

ReviewMediators of inflammation2015

Markers of inflammation associated with plaque progression and instability in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.

Enrico Ammirati, Francesco Moroni, Giuseppe Danilo Norata, Marco Magnoni, Paolo G Camici

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 189 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. ApoB-specific CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026
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25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Enrico AmmiratiCardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58-60, 20132 Milan, Italy ; Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Francesco MoroniCardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58-60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Giuseppe Danilo NorataDepartement of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy ; Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy ; Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK.
Marco MagnoniCardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58-60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Paolo G CamiciCardiothoracic Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58-60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University · ITOspedale Bassini · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is the focal expression of a systemic disease affecting medium- and large-sized arteries, in which traditional cardiovascular risk factor and immune factors play a key role. It is well accepted that circulating biomarkers, including C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, reliably predict major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction or death. However, the relevance of biomarkers of systemic inflammation to atherosclerosis progression in the carotid artery is less established. The large majority of clinical studies focused on the association between biomarkers and subclinical atherosclerosis, that is, carotid intima-media thickening (cIMT), which represents an earlier stage of the disease. The aim of this work is to review inflammatory biomarkers that were associated with a higher atherosclerotic burden, a faster disease progression, and features of plaque instability, such as inflammation or neovascularization, in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque, which represents an advanced stage of disease compared with cIMT. The association of biomarkers with the occurrence of cerebrovascular events, secondary to carotid plaque rupture, will also be presented. Currently, the degree of carotid artery stenosis is used to predict the risk of future cerebrovascular events in patients affected by carotid atherosclerosis. However, this strategy appears suboptimal. The identification of suitable biomarkers could provide a useful adjunctive criterion to ensure better risk stratification and optimize management.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesCarotid ArteriesCarotid Artery DiseasesCarotid Intima-Media ThicknessC-Reactive ProteinDisease ProgressionHumansImmune SystemInflammationInterleukin-6LipidsNeovascularization, PathologicPlaque, AtheroscleroticRisk FactorsBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinInterleukin-6Lipids

Identifiers

PMID25960621
PMCPMC4415469
OpenAlexW2020366959

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.