ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2015
Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: review of the literature.
Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frequency and clinical characteristics of hypophysitis and hypopituitarism in patients undergoing immunotherapy - A systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Comparisons of therapeutic efficacy and safety of ipilimumab plus GM-CSF versus ipilimumab alone in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of outcomes.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Ipilimumab-Induced Hypophysitis.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Case Report: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis presenting as acute paralytic ileus mimicking mechanical bowel obstruction in a patient affected by advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: a retrospective analysis of 76 cases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Primary autoimmune hypothalamitis: management strategies and long-term outcomes in a tertiary care setting with a focused review of literature.Endocrine · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy-Related Hypophysitis: A Narrative Review.Cancers · 2025Review
- The burden and clinical trajectory of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced endocrinopathies: an 8-year experience.BMC medicine · 2024Observational
- Isolated hypoprolactinemia: The rarest of the rare?Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Effects of glucocorticoid replacement therapy in patients with pituitary disease: A new perspective for personalized replacement therapy.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis: clinical and biochemical features.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Review
- A Successful Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab with Multisystem Immune-related Adverse Events.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Article
- Typing of inflammatory lesions of the pituitary.Pituitary · 2022Article
- Management of hypopituitarism: a perspective from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
- Article
- Integrating Electronic Health Record Data into the ADEpedia-on-OHDSI Platform for Improved Signal Detection: A Case Study of Immune-related Adverse Events.AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIpilimumab is a human monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 available as an immunotherapy mainly for advanced melanoma. It induces an activation of T cells, resulting in an immune-mediated anti-tumor response and also immune-related adverse events, including hypophysitis. The aim of this review is to identify and discuss features concerning ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis (IIH).
designA MEDLINE research of all years of publication of IIH was conducted. We gathered information regarding clinical, radiologic and laboratory features of 71 cases recorded in the literature.
resultsIn our review, IIH was more frequent among older and male patients. Fatigue and headache were the most frequent initial clinical manifestations of IIH and enlargement of the pituitary gland at MRI was present in the majority of patients. Those who received more than 3 cycles of ipilimumab had more fatigue (p = 0.04) and arthritis (p = 0.04). Adrenal insufficiency was more prevalent in men (p = 0.007). Glucocorticoid therapy and hormone replacement were required in most patients and pituitary function recovery was uncommon. Low prolactin at diagnosis tended to predict permanent pituitary dysfunction (p = 0.07).
conclusionHypopituitarism as a consequence of IIH, if not promptly recognized, can lead to potentially fatal events, such as adrenal insufficiency. IIH can be easily managed with glucocorticoids and hormonal replacement; therefore, physicians should be familiar with the key aspects of this condition. More studies to develop screening protocols and therapeutic intervention algorithms should be performed to decrease morbidity related to IIH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.