Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25957666›Full record

ArticleVaccine2015

Modular vaccine packaging increases packing efficiency.

Bryan A Norman, Jayant Rajgopal, Jung Lim, Katrin Gorham, Leila Haidari, Shawn T Brown, Bruce Y Lee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 34% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Bryan A NormanDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Jayant RajgopalDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Jung LimDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Katrin GorhamPublic Health Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), Pittsburgh, PA (formerly) and Baltimore, MD (currently), United States; International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Leila HaidariPublic Health Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), Pittsburgh, PA (formerly) and Baltimore, MD (currently), United States; Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Shawn T BrownPittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Bruce Y LeePublic Health Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), Pittsburgh, PA (formerly) and Baltimore, MD (currently), United States; International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: brucelee@jhu.edu.
University of Pittsburgh · USJohns Hopkins University · USPittsburgh Supercomputing Center · US

Funding

MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS-ORIENTED CHILDHOOD OBESITY STUDY IN CHINAU54HD070725 · NICHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CURRIERO, FRANK · 2011 to 2016
$15.9M
Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst for Healthcare Associated InfectionsR01HS023317 · AHRQ · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI LEE, BRUCE Y · 2014 to 2014
$2.4M
AHRQ HHS R01 HS023317AHRQ HHS R01HS023317NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD070725NICHD NIH HHS U54HD070725
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWithin a typical vaccine supply chain, vaccines are packaged into individual cylindrical vials (each containing one or more doses) that are bundled together in rectangular "inner packs" for transport via even larger groupings such as cold boxes and vaccine carriers. The variability of vaccine inner pack and vial size may hinder efficient vaccine distribution because it constrains packing of cold boxes and vaccine carriers to quantities that are often inappropriate or suboptimal in the context of country-specific vaccination guidelines.

methodsWe developed in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA) a spreadsheet model that evaluated the impact of different packing schemes for the Benin routine regimen plus the introduction of the Rotarix vaccine. Specifically, we used the model to compare the current packing scheme to that of a proposed modular packing scheme.

resultsConventional packing of a Dometic RCW25 that aims to maximize fully-immunized children (FICs) results in 123 FICs and a packing efficiency of 81.93% compared to a maximum of 155 FICs and 94.1% efficiency for an alternative modular packaging system.

conclusionsOur analysis suggests that modular packaging systems could offer significant advantages over conventional vaccine packaging systems with respect to space efficiency and potential FICs, when they are stored in standard vaccine carrying devices. This allows for more vaccines to be stored within the same volume while also simplifying the procedures used by field workers to pack storage devices. Ultimately, modular packaging systems could be a simple way to help increase vaccine coverage worldwide.

Indexed as

AdolescentBeninChildChild, PreschoolDrug PackagingHumansInfantInfant, NewbornVaccinesVaccinesModular packagingPackagingPrimary containerSupply chainVaccinesVaccine vial

Identifiers

PMID25957666
PMCPMC4640929
OpenAlexW284791404

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.