ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2015
Protein intake in infancy and kidney size and function at the age of 6 years: The Generation R Study.
Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Evaluation of Food and Nutrient Intake among Pregnant Women in The Netherlands: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Food Consumption, Nutrient Intake and Status during the First 1000 days of Life in the Netherlands: a Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Protecting Kidney Health in the First 1000 Days: The Pediatrician's Role in Safeguarding the Weakest.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparison of renal growth in breast fed and artificial fed infants: a cross-sectional study.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Childhood Estimates of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Creatinine and Cystatin C: Importance of Body Composition.American journal of nephrology · 2017Article
- Assessment of kidney function in preterm infants: lifelong implications.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2016Review
- Protein intake in early childhood and cardiometabolic health at school age: the Generation R Study.European journal of nutrition · 2016Article
- Protein intake in early childhood and body composition at the age of 6 years: The Generation R Study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2016Article
- Early Programming by Protein Intake: The Effect of Protein on Adiposity Development and the Growth and Functionality of Vital Organs.Nutrition and metabolic insights · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh protein intake has been linked to kidney growth and function. Whether protein intake is related to kidney outcomes in healthy children is unclear.
methodsWe examined the associations between protein intake in infancy and kidney outcomes at age 6 years in 2968 children participating in a population-based cohort study. Protein intake at 1 year was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire and was adjusted for energy intake. At age 6 years we measured the kidney volume and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) of all participating children, and we estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using serum creatinine and cystatin C levels.
resultsIn models adjusted for age, sex, body surface area, and sociodemographic factors, a higher protein intake was associated with a lower ACR and a higher eGFR but was not consistently associated with kidney volume. However, after further adjustment for additional dietary and lifestyle factors, such as sodium intake, diet quality, and television watching, higher protein intake was no longer associated with kidney function. No differences in associations were observed between animal and vegetable protein intake.
conclusionsOur findings show that protein intake in early childhood is not independently associated with kidney size or function at the age of 6 years. Further study is needed on other early life predictors of kidney size and function in later life.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.