Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25956679›Full record

ReviewExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)2015

Inosine and hypoxanthine as novel biomarkers for cardiac ischemia: from bench to point-of-care.

Don E Farthing, Christine A Farthing, Lei Xi

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  3. SGLT2 Inhibitors' Effects on Biomarkers of Myocardial Injury: A Systematic Review.Journal of cardiovascular and thoracic research · 2026
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  14. COScientific reports · 2025
    Article
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  20. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Don E FarthingDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA Bioanalytical Services and Technologies, LLC, 12111 Parklawn Drive, Suite#123, Rockville MD 20852, USA.
Christine A FarthingDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA.
Lei XiDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA 23298, USA lxi@vcu.edu.
Virginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiac ischemia associated with acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. A rapid detection of the ischemic events is critically important for achieving timely diagnosis, treatment and improving the patient's survival and functional recovery. This minireview provides an overview on the current biomarker research for detection of acute cardiac ischemia. We primarily focus on inosine and hypoxanthine, two by-products of ATP catabolism. Based on our published findings of elevated plasma concentrations of inosine/hypoxanthine in animal laboratory and clinical settings, since 2006 we have originally proposed that these two purine molecules can be used as rapid and sensitive biomarkers for acute cardiac ischemia at its very early onset (within 15 min), hours prior to the release of heart tissue necrosis biomarkers such as cardiac troponins. We further developed a chemiluminescence technology, one of the most affordable and sensitive analytical techniques, and we were able to reproducibly quantify and differentiate total hypoxanthine concentrations in the plasma samples from healthy individuals versus patients suffering from ischemic heart disease. Additional rigorous clinical studies are needed to validate the plasma inosine/hypoxanthine concentrations, in conjunction with other current cardiac biomarkers, for a better revelation of their diagnostic potentials for early detection of acute cardiac ischemia.

Indexed as

Point-of-Care SystemsAdenosine TriphosphateAnimalsBiomarkersHumansHypoxanthineInosineMyocardial IschemiaAdenosine TriphosphateBiomarkersHypoxanthineInosineATP breakdown by-productsBiomarkercardiac ischemiachemiluminescencediagnostic methodsnucleoside

Identifiers

PMID25956679
PMCPMC4935215
OpenAlexW1893143839

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.