ArticlePloS one2015
Morphological Differences between Larvae of the Ciona intestinalis Species Complex: Hints for a Valid Taxonomic Definition of Distinct Species.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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42 citing papers in PubMed.
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- An NKX2-5 homolog is required downstream of BMP signaling to pattern the sensory-adhesive organ of a tunicate larva.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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- Single-cell Transcriptomic Studies Unveil Potential Nodes of the Notochord Gene Regulatory Network.Integrative and comparative biology · 2024Review
- Cis-regulatory interfaces reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the notochord gene regulatory network of Ciona.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Specification of distinct cell types in a sensory-adhesive organ important for metamorphosis in tunicate larvae.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic and Bioinformatic Analyses Identifying a Central Mif-Cop9-Nf-kB Signaling Network in Innate Immunity Response ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Transitions of motor neuron activities duringFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
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- Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal 2 and 4 Family Members of Cytochromes P450 (CYP) Involved in LPS Inflammatory Response in Pharynx ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- ceRNA Network Regulation of TGF-β, WNT, FOXO, Hedgehog Pathways in the Pharynx ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- A cis-regulatory change underlying the motor neuron-specific loss of Ebf expression in immotile tunicate larvae.Evolution & development · 2021Article
- Brachyury controlsDevelopment (Cambridge, England) · 2021Article
- Quantitative Dissection of the ProximalFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Review
- The ontology of the anatomy and development of the solitary ascidian Ciona: the swimming larva and its metamorphosis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Transcriptional and in silico analyses of MIF cytokine and TLR signalling interplay in the LPS inflammatory response of Ciona robusta.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Inferring Tunicate Relationships and the Evolution of the Tunicate Hox Cluster with the Genome of Corella inflata.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Identification of an LPS-Induced Chemo-Attractive Peptide fromMarine drugs · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cosmopolitan ascidian Ciona intestinalis is the most common model species of Tunicata, the sister-group of Vertebrata, and widely used in developmental biology, genomics and evolutionary studies. Recently, molecular studies suggested the presence of cryptic species hidden within the C. intestinalis species, namely C. intestinalis type A and type B. So far, no substantial morphological differences have been identified between individuals belonging to the two types. Here we present morphometric, immunohistochemical, and histological analyses, as well as 3-D reconstructions, of late larvae obtained by cross-fertilization experiments of molecularly determined type A and type B adults, sampled in different seasons and in four different localities. Our data point to quantitative and qualitative differences in the trunk shape of larvae belonging to the two types. In particular, type B larvae exhibit a longer pre-oral lobe, longer and relatively narrower total body length, and a shorter ocellus-tail distance than type A larvae. All these differences were found to be statistically significant in a Discriminant Analysis. Depending on the number of analyzed parameters, the obtained discriminant function was able to correctly classify > 93% of the larvae, with the remaining misclassified larvae attributable to the existence of intra-type seasonal variability. No larval differences were observed at the level of histology and immunohistochemical localization of peripheral sensory neurons. We conclude that type A and type B are two distinct species that can be distinguished on the basis of larval morphology and molecular data. Since the identified larval differences appear to be valid diagnostic characters, we suggest to raise both types to the rank of species and to assign them distinct names.
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