Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25954090›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2015

Sex- and gender-specific disparities in colorectal cancer risk.

Sung-Eun Kim, Hee Young Paik, Hyuk Yoon, Jung Eun Lee, Nayoung Kim, Mi-Kyung Sung

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 272 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
272citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
11.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

272 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 490 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Sex-Specific Outcomes after a Negative Colonoscopy in the Finnish Randomized Health Service Study during 2004 to 2016.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025
    Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Sex Differences in Colorectal Tumor-Associated T-cell Responses.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
    Article
  14. The impact of sex on setup accuracy in radiotherapy for rectal cancer: a real-World observational study.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2026
    Observational
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Observational
  19. Article
  20. Review

212 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sung-Eun KimSung-Eun Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Mi-Kyung Sung, Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, South Korea.
Hee Young PaikSung-Eun Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Mi-Kyung Sung, Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, South Korea.
Hyuk YoonSung-Eun Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Mi-Kyung Sung, Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, South Korea.
Jung Eun LeeSung-Eun Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Mi-Kyung Sung, Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, South Korea.
Nayoung KimSung-Eun Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Mi-Kyung Sung, Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, South Korea.
Mi-Kyung SungSung-Eun Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Mi-Kyung Sung, Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, South Korea.
Sookmyung Women's University · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer morbidity both in men and in women. However, females over 65 years old show higher mortality and lower 5-year survival rate of colorectal cancer compared to their age-matched male counterparts. The objective of this review is to suggest gender-based innovations to improve colorectal cancer outcomes in females. Women have a higher risk of developing right-sided (proximal) colon cancer than men, which is associated with more aggressive form of neoplasia compared to left-sided (distal) colon cancer. Despite differences in tumor location between women and men, most of scientific researchers do not consider sex specificity for study design and interpretation. Also, colorectal cancer screening guidelines do not distinguish females from male, which may explain the higher frequency of more advanced neoplasia when tumors are first detected and false negative results in colonoscopy in females. Moreover, socio-cultural barriers within females are present to delay screening and diagnosis. Few studies, among studies that included both men and women, have reported sex-specific estimates of dietary risk factors which are crucial to establish cancer prevention guidelines despite sex- and gender-associated differences in nutrient metabolism and dietary practices. Furthermore, anti-cancer drug use for colorectal cancer treatment can cause toxicity to the reproductive system, and gender-specific recurrence and survival rates are reported. Therefore, by understanding sex- and gender-related biological and socio-cultural differences in colorectal cancer risk, gender-specific strategies for screening, treatment and prevention protocols can be established to reduce the mortality and improve the quality of life.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesHealth Status DisparitiesAgedAntineoplastic AgentsColonoscopyColorectal NeoplasmsDietEarly Detection of CancerFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeAntineoplastic AgentsColorectal cancerGenderPreventionScreeningSexTreatment

Identifiers

PMID25954090
PMCPMC4419057
OpenAlexW583072873

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.