ReviewJournal of international oral health : JIOH2015
Treatment guidelines and prognosis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome patients: a review.
Review in Journal of international oral health : JIOH, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complicated Surgical Site Infection with Mycobacterium Abscessus After Liposuction and Affections of Corticosteroids in the Treatment Regimen: Three Cases Report and a Systematic Review.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Rapid recovery from near-fatal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome following neutropenic recovery by cytokine adsorption.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (KS-IRIS) in Advanced HIV: Challenges in Managing Visceral Disease With Pericardial Involvement.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Case Report: Immune reconstitution-related neurological deterioration in advanced HIV infection with multiple opportunistic infections: a diagnostic challenge.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Recent Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Is Associated With Increased Mortality Risk in HIV-associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: An Analysis of Clinical Trial Data From Africa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Aspergillus-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in pediatric cancer patients, clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and survival.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Severe BCG immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome lymphadenitis successfully managed with pre-antiretroviral counseling and a non-surgical approach: a case report.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Article
- Complexity ofBMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Systemic Inflammation Associated with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Persons Living with HIV.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- An HIV-positive Case of Obstructive Jaundice Caused by Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis Successfully Treated with Corticosteroids.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2017Article
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome and Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia Case Report: Highlights and Missing Links in Classification Criteria and Standardized Treatment.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome and Shingles Associated with a Combined Paralysis of Three Oculomotor Nerves: A Case Report.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2016Article
- Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal cell-mediated immunity regulation in the Immune Restoration Inflammatory Syndrome.Bioinformation · 2016Article
- Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome as a cause of autoimmune hepatitis and acute liver failure.Revista Brasileira de terapia intensivaArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an "unmasking" or paradoxical worsening of a pre-existing infection after commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - infected patients. The use of HAART in the management of HIV patients restores immune responses against pathogens however in few patients, the reconstituted immune system leads to IRIS. As the treatment protocols are not standardized for IRIS, this leads to short-term morbidity or in some cases also mortality. Therefore, treatment in these patients is a huge challenge and further more research regarding the immunopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of IRIS should be well thought-out. To understand the immunopathogenesis of IRIS it will be difficult to elucidate the intrinsic dynamics of immune cells after initiation of HAART but, there are few biomarkers which help to predict or diagnose IRIS and develop specific treatment, following initiation of HIV therapy. This review is an attempt to put light on those patients with IRIS with treatment guidelines for the management of the progression of it.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25954081PMC4409807W2414763702What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.