ArticleBMC genetics2015
Investigation of a recent rise of dual amantadine-resistance mutations in the influenza A M2 sequence.
Article in BMC genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic Characterization of Swine Influenza Viruses in Thailand in 2019-2025 Reveals Novel Reassortants.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- High serological barriers may contribute to restricted Influenza-A-virus transmission between pigs and humans.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Bat Influenza M2 Shows Functions Similar to Those of Classical Influenza A Viruses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hylin-a1: A Pan-Inhibitor against Emerging and Re-Emerging Respiratory Viruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Genetic and Biological Characterization of H3N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Poultry Farms in China between 2019 and 2021.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- Genetic and Antigenic Characteristics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses Circulating in Domestic Poultry in Egypt, 2017-2021.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- An Overview of Antiviral Peptides and Rational Biodesign Considerations.Biodesign research · 2022Review
- Key Amino Acids of M1-41 and M2-27 Determine Growth and Pathogenicity of Chimeric H17 Bat Influenza Virus in Cells and in Mice.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Site-directed M2 proton channel inhibitors enable synergistic combination therapy for rimantadine-resistant pandemic influenza.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Put a cork in it: Plugging the M2 viral ion channel to sink influenza.Antiviral research · 2020Review
- Article
- Inhibitors of the M2 Proton Channel Engage and Disrupt Transmembrane Networks of Hydrogen-Bonded Waters.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2018Article
- Mutation and Epistasis in Influenza Virus Evolution.Viruses · 2018Review
- Profiling the in vitro drug-resistance mechanism of influenza A viruses towards the AM2-S31N proton channel blockers.Antiviral research · 2018Article
- Inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus-induced apoptosis by functionalized selenium nanoparticles with amantadine through ROS-mediated AKT signaling pathways.International journal of nanomedicine · 2018Article
- Molecular analysis of amantadine-resistant influenza A (H1N1 pdm09) virus isolated from slum dwellers of Dhaka, Bangladesh.Virus genes · 2017Article
- Slow but Steady Wins the Race: Dissimilarities among New Dual Inhibitors of the Wild-Type and the V27A Mutant M2 Channels of Influenza A Virus.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2017Article
- Epidemiological, clinical, and virologic features of two family clusters of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infections in Southeast China.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- An M2-V27A channel blocker demonstrates potent in vitro and in vivo antiviral activities against amantadine-sensitive and -resistant influenza A viruses.Antiviral research · 2017Article
- Drug resistance in influenza A virus: the epidemiology and management.Infection and drug resistance · 2017Review
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3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe S31N amantadine-resistance mutation in the influenza A M2 sequence currently occurs more frequently in nature than the S31 wild type. Overcoming the resistance of the S31N mutation is the primary focus of M2 researchers who aim to develop novel antiviral therapies. Recent studies have noted a possible rise in frequency of the V27A/S31N double amantadine-resistance mutation in recent years. The purpose of this study is to investigate this recent rise in frequency of the double mutation and any possible bias of the other mutations toward co-occurrence with S31N or S31 strains.
resultsThe primary dataset used for this study was comprised of 24,152 influenza A M2 channel sequences which were downloaded from UniProt. There is an increased frequency for the S31N/V27A dual AR mutation in recent years, especially in swine. A test for difference in two proportions indicates that the V27A mutation is co-occurring with S31N more often than expected (p-value<0.001) when considering individual amino acid frequencies. At the same time, the different propensities for the V27A as compared to the V27T dual mutant may reflect differences in viral fitness or protein energetics, and this information could be exploited to focus drug development so as to reduce further drug insensitivity.
conclusionsThe development of the S31N/V27A variant in the Midwestern US swine may be a harbinger of novel human strain development. V27A/S31N is a possible path forward for the evolution of M2 which may convey a new level of drug resistance and should receive attention in drug design.
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