ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2015
Smoking, central adiposity, and poor glycemic control increase risk of hearing impairment.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vascular mechanisms in acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy: a systematic review.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2021Pooled it
- Body mass index, waist circumference, and risk of hearing loss: a meta-analysis and systematic review of observational study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Does occupational noise exposure aggravate age-related hearing loss? A population-based study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Genotype-guided Recall Delineates the Adult Auditory Phenotype in GJB2 p.V37I Homozygotes: High-frequency Vulnerability and Environmental Modulation.Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology · 2026Article
- Increased prevalence of hearing loss and tinnitus in patients with retinal vein occlusion.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Hearing Loss Among Older Adults: Epidemiology, Disparities, and Gaps in Research.Annual review of public health · 2026Review
- [An interpretation of the blue book: the report on hearing health in china （2025）].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Self-Reported Type 2 Diabetes and the Rate of Hearing Decline in Aging.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Article
- White matter hyperintensities, retinal vascular calibre and changes in age-related hearing loss.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Smoking history and the rate of hearing decline in aging: Results from a longitudinal cohort study.Hearing research · 2026Article
- Novel Systemic Inflammatory Indices (SII and SIRI) as Mediators Between BMI and Hearing Loss.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- The 25-Year Incidence and Progression of Hearing Loss in the Framingham Offspring Study.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Race- and sex-specific differences in the risk of incident hearing loss and associated factors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Noise Exposure History and Age-Related Changes to Hearing.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2025Article
- Transcriptome sequencing reveals regulatory genes associated with neurogenic hearing loss.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
- Hearing Care Within Diabetes Care: Strategies for Direct Inclusion.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Diabetes and long duration leading to speech-, low/mid-, and high- frequency hearing loss: current evidence from the China National Health Survey 2023.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Relationship between TyG-related index and hearing loss in people over 45 s in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine associations between smoking, adiposity, diabetes mellitus, and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the 15-year incidence of hearing impairment (HI).
designA longitudinal population-based cohort study (1993-95 to 2009-10), the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study (EHLS).
settingBeaver Dam, Wisconsin.
participantsParticipants in the Beaver Dam Eye Study (1988-90; residents of Beaver Dam, WI, aged 43-84 in 1987-88) were eligible for the EHLS. There were 1,925 participants with normal hearing at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Fifteen-year cumulative incidence of HI (pure-tone average of hearing thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz greater than 25 decibels hearing level in either ear). Cigarette smoking, exercise, and other factors were ascertained according to questionnaire. Blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured.
resultsFollow-up examinations (≥1) were obtained from 87.2% (n=1,678; mean baseline age 61). The 15-year cumulative incidence of HI was 56.8%. Adjusting for age and sex, current smoking (hazard ratio (HR)=1.31, P=.048), education (<16 years; HR=1.35, P=.01), waist circumference (HR=1.08 per 10 cm, P=.02), and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (HR=2.03, P=.048) were associated with greater risk of HI. Former smokers and people with better-controlled diabetes mellitus were not at greater risk.
conclusionSmoking, central adiposity, and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus predicted incident HI. These well-known risk factors for CVD suggest that vascular changes may contribute to HI in aging. Interventions targeting reductions in smoking and adiposity and better glycemic control in people with diabetes mellitus may help prevent or delay the onset of HI.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.