SynthesisPediatric cardiology2015
Maternal Hypertension During Pregnancy and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Pediatric cardiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Maternal modifiable factors and risk of congenital heart defects: systematic review and causality assessment.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Maternal obesity and metabolic disorders associate with congenital heart defects in the offspring: A systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Exercise training during pregnancy reduces circulating insulin levels in overweight/obese women postpartum: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial (the ETIP trial).BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2018Trial
- Associations Between Longitudinal Antenatal Hematological Indicators and Risk of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Newborns - Beijing, China, 2011-2025.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Performance of Traditional Pharmacoepidemiologic and Machine Learning Models to Predict Pregnancies at Risk of Major Congenital Malformations.Birth defects research · 2026Article
- Congenital heart defects: familial recurrence patterns in Sweden.European heart journal · 2026Article
- In Vitro Fertilization and VACTERL Birth Defects.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- A population-based study of the co-occurrence of hypospadias and congenital heart defects among boys conceived with in vitro fertilization†.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Cardiomyocytes Exhibit Intrinsic Stress Vulnerabilities and Augmented Stress Responses in vitro.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Risk of congenital malformation in newborns from mothers with kidney diseases in a nationwide cohort study.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Risk assessment of congenital heart defects based on maternal factors in early pregnancy-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Review
- Trends in congenital heart disease mortality in the United States from 1968 to 2022.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2025Article
- The Role of miRNA Expression in Congenital Heart Disease: Insights into the Mechanisms and Biomarker Potential.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies and Predictive Factors in Pregnant Women in Bahrain: A Retrospective Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Kidney disease and reproductive health.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Observational
- Folic Acid and Selected Risk Factors for Fetal Heart Defects-Preliminary Study Results.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Ongoing Relationship Between Offspring Congenital Heart Disease and Preeclampsia Across Pregnancies.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Antihypertensive Medication Use before and during Pregnancy and the Risk of Severe Maternal Morbidity in Individuals with Prepregnancy Hypertension.American journal of perinatology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Maternal hypertension is common during pregnancy, and multiple studies have reported on an association between maternal hypertension and congenital heart defects (CHDs) in offspring; however, there is variability in the quality of these studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on the associations between untreated and treated maternal hypertension and the risk of CHDs, evaluating CHDs overall as well as specific CHD subtypes. A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles published before August 2013 identified 16 studies evaluating the associations between untreated and treated maternal hypertension and CHDs. Summary relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated using fixed-effects models and random-effects models. Significant associations were observed between maternal hypertension and overall CHDs, for both treated [RR 2.0; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.5, 2.7] and untreated (RR 1.4; 95 % CI 1.2, 1.7) hypertension, as well as for overall hypertension regardless of treatment status (RR 1.8; 95 % CI 1.5, 2.2). The magnitude of effect was similar for the majority of CHD subtypes evaluated. The effects were also similar among women with hypertension who used one of multiple specific hypertension medications. There was no evidence of publication bias, and our results were robust to several factors considered in sensitivity analyses (e.g., source of exposure data, adjustment for potential confounders, and study design). Maternal hypertension was associated with CHDs. By understanding the specific mechanisms involved, appropriate strategies may be developed to reduce this risk, in order to prevent CHDs.
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